Sonic, electromagnetic and impulse radar investigation of stone masonry bridges

Digital Recording and Non-Destructive Techniques for the Understanding of Structural Performance for Rehabilitating Historic Structures at the Kathmandu Valley After Gorkha Earthquake 2015

“…In particular, the seven monument zones of the Kathmandu Valley World Heritage Site suffered extensive damage. Out of 195 surveyed monuments, 38 have completely collapsed and 157 were partially damaged (DoA, 2015). Bhaktapur, in particular, is a recognized UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS) containing many structures of significant cultural and religious importance to the people of the Kathmandu Valley.…”

“…Georadar allows the identification of morphology, voids, discontinuities, and damage in masonry walls. (Binda, 1994, Binda, 1997, Binda, 1998, Colla, 1997 The first major area of georadar (or GPR) investigation was the construction of the plinth. At Jaisi Dega, previous excavations of the plinth were carried out by the Department of Archaeology.…”

“…In particular, the seven monument zones of the Kathmandu Valley World Heritage Site suffered extensive damage. Out of 195 surveyed monuments, 38 have completely collapsed and 157 partially damaged (DoA, 2015). In particular, the world historic city of Bhaktapur was heavily affected by the earthquake.…”

Ground penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography for locating buried building foundations: A case study in the city centre of Thessaloniki, Greece

“…Today GPR is being used in many different areas including locating buried utilities, mine site evaluation, road / bridge / tunnel inspection, forensic investigations, archaeological digs, searching for buried landmines and unexploded ordinances, measuring snow, ice thickness, quality for ski slope management and avalanche prediction (Davis and Annan, 1989;Colla et al, 1997;Guy et al, 2000;Spikes et al, 2004;Diamanti et al, 2008;Solla et al, 2010;Diamanti and Redman, 2012).…”

Integration of ground-penetrating radar, ultrasonic tests and infrared thermography for the analysis of a precious medieval rose window

“…GPR has been frequently used for investigating masonry structures (Binda et al, 1998;Maierhofer and Leipold, 2001;Ranalli et al, 2004;Binda et al, 2005;Masini et al, 2010) as well as for characterizing the foundation subsoil and locating archaeological remains, occasionally in conjunction with other geophysical, physical and biological techniques (Cardarelli et al, 2002;Cataldo et al, 2005;Nuzzo et al, 2009). The use of sonic techniques for cultural heritage and civil engineering applications is also well documented (Colla et al, 1997;Binda et al, 2001Binda et al, , 2003a whereas ultrasonic tests are less frequent. Infrared thermography (IRT) is an efficient investigative tool used for more than 30 years in the inspection and diagnosis of modern and historic buildings (Titman, 2001;Clark et al, 2003) to detect shallow subsurface voids and defects (Inagaki et al, 1999;Maierhofer et al, 2003), to map moisture (Grinzato et al, 2002) and to evaluate conservation treatments (Avdewlidis and Moropolou, 2004).…”