Sono-electroanalysis: Application to the detection of lead in wine

Ultrasound in Electrochemical Degradation of Pollutants

“…For example, the presence of fats, proteins and carbohydrates in food matrices, lead to electrode fouling due to adsorption of these species and it can also reduce the sensibility of the detection methods. In this sense, power ultrasound has been employed to overcome such electrode fouling problem (passivation) due to the ultrasound ability for cleaning the surface electrode (Saterlay et al, 2001), allowing sensitive electroanalysis of some analytes to be carried out in a range of hostile media including eggs (Davis & Compton, 2000), blood (Kruusma, et al 2004a), wine (Akkermans et al, 1998), among others (Hardcastle & Compton, 2001;Kruusma, 2004b). Recently, the direct determination of methylparathion in potato and corn extracts and its degradation product 4-nitrophenol in lemon and orange juices was performed by ultrasound-assisted square wave voltammetry using diamond electrodes (Garbellini et al, 2009).…”

Ultrasonically Enhanced Voltammetric Analysis and Applications: An Overview

“…50% of the lead levels detected by AAS were recorded [68]. The benefits of insonation provided an active depassivated electrode surface to ensure uptake of metal from the range of labile complex lead cation species grouped under the label [63].…”

Sonoelectrochemistry – the application of ultrasound to electrochemical systems

“…The sound may be employed at the pre-concentration phase, or the stripping phase, or both, allowing further opportunities for manipulation of parameters. Many analyses have been examined, of which metals in media such as wine 53 or soft drinks 54 are just two examples. The…”