Sonocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin using hydrogel beads of TiO2 incorporated biochar and chitosan

Vacancy-Defective Cobalt Nitride Nanostructures for Sonocatalytic Hydrogen Production Using Various Water Resources

“…This result makes transition metal nitride materials as sonocatalysts have a wider application prospect than other typical oxide or hydroxide materials. 19,45 Subsequently, the hydrogen evolution performance of Co 4 N catalyst is surveyed in salt solutions (NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 solutions) with different concentrations (from 0.1 to 1.5 M) (Figure 3e). It can be seen that when the salt concentration is relatively low (0.1 M), its hydrogen evolution performance (28.8 μmol g −1 h −1 ) is quite close to that of pure water.…”

“…At present, most of the developed sonochemical catalysts are metal oxides. − A few metal sulfides, selenides, or MXene materials too have been reported to have sonochemical catalytic activity. − However, these sonocatalysts still lack catalytic efficiency or stability. For example, metal oxides get corroded under acidic or alkaline solutions, MXene-based materials become gradually degraded under many different conditions, and the toxicity of metal sulfides cannot be ignored. − That is, more potential and efficient sonocatalysts need to be developed.…”

Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of magnetic recyclable Fe3O4/rice husk biochar based photocatalysts for ciprofloxacin photodegradation in aqueous solution

“…[5][6][7] Consequently, many types of photocatalytic materials have been developed to remove CIP, for example, metal oxide materials with nanostructures or their combinations such as TiO 2 /biochar, Zn-doped Cu 2 O, ZnO/ biochar. [8][9][10][11] The difficulty in recovery of these materials, however, is one of its major drawbacks. Centrifugation and ltration are two favorable solutions in laboratory-scale but hardly to be implemented in industrial wastewater systems due to its cost and complex process.…”

Peroxydisulfate-assisted sonocatalytic degradation of metribuzin by La-doped ZnFe layered double hydroxide

“…In addition, the number of active sites and reactive species increases owing to the activation of semiconductor catalysts by US irradiation during sonocatalysis [14] . Various semiconductors have been employed as sonocatalysts, including TiO 2 [15] , CaMoO 4 [13] , ZnWO 4 [16] , MgFe 2 O 4 [17] , and layered double hydroxides (LDHs) [18] . Among these, LDHs are considered advantageous, owing to their low toxicity, easy synthesis, and stability [19] .…”