Sonochemical production and activation of responsive polymer microspheres

Sonoproduction of nanobiomaterials – A critical review

“…Sonication time ranged between 30 and 60 s, at 14 W.cm −2 . Ice bath was used for temperature control Mean size of 8 ± 3 μm [136] Keratin-based microcapsules as potential biocarrier Emulsification of keratose microcapsules Sonication of an aqueous-organic mixture of keratose solution and toluene at 20 kHz and 150 W at room temperature for 3 min with stainless steel ultrasonic probe Microcapsules of diameter 0.5 to 4 μm [137] Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate dicalcium (Ca 2 FBP) porous microsphere for osteogenic differentiation Sonochemically induced (acoustic cavitation effect) crystallisation of Ca 2 FBP Continuous ultrasonication at 28 kHz and 200 W at intervals of 20 min Average surface area of 188.5 m 2 g −1 and pore size of 30 nm [138] AuNPs as potential cancer treatment agents US irradiation assisted the Turkevich-Frens method for gold reduction Sonication at different irradiation power (60 to 210 W) for 1 h at room temperature with ultrasonic homogenizer coupled with titanium sonotrode Average size of 12.2 to 16.2 nm [139] AgNPs anchored reduced graphene oxide nanosheet for selective and sensitive detection of glutathione Sonochemical co-reduction of AgNO 3 and grapheme oxide, with resultant condensation of Ag + on reduced graphene oxide Dispersion of graphene oxide in water and sonication via a standing wave sonication system at 38 kHz and 50 W. Subsequent US induced reduction and deposition of silver with further sonication Average size of 3 to 8 nm [140] Fe 3 O 4 @cellulose nanocrystal stabilised Pickering emulsion for drug delivery Sonochemical induced fine Pickering emulsion of curcumin and co-precipitation of Fe 3 O 4 @cellulose nanocrystal Dispersion and synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 @CNC under pulse sonication (10 s on and off) with a probe sonicator at 20 kHz for 2 and 5 min, respectively. Further sonication for 3 min at 60 W to produce fine Pickering emulsion MNPs agglomeration with an average cluster diameter of 22.998 to 320.668 nm [141] , [142] , [143] …”