Objective: Make a literature review of breast elastography, an imaging technique not so new today, for many still unknown in diagnostic ultrasound, which emerges in order to characterize complementarily tissues of the breast, contributing to differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lesions.Review: Today breast cancer is by far the most common cancer in women. Mammography and ultrasound has become an indispensable diagnostic tandem within the breast image, increasing the sensitivity of ultrasound mammography by 15% and both techniques are able to characterize most breast lesions. Using these techniques together we achieve a sensitivity of 85-100% and a specificity of 76-80%, specially in dense breasts where mammography is significantly limited [1]. Copyright: ©2017 Fernadez
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We can distinguish two types of elastographyCompression elastography and "shear-wave" elastography (SWE).Compression elastography (strain) produces an image based on the displacement of the tissue from an external or patient source, and the movement of the tissue shows the direction of US beam propagation. This technique allows a qualitative assessment of the lesion. With real-time ultrasound elastography, the physical properties of soft tissue are revealed through characterization of the differences in stiffness between the region of interest and the surrounding tissue based on mechanically induced deformation (strain) of structures during B-mode scanning [8].Data acquisition and interpretation of elasticity images are largely dependent on the examiner´s experience, and significant interobserver variability has been found [3,4,13,14]. The real-time elastogram is displayed with a scale based on the relative strain of the tissues. The technique to obtain the optimal images varies with the algorithm used by the manufacturer of the ultrasound system. Monitoring of the B-mode image to confirm the lesion is only displaced in depth during scanning and otherwise moving in the field of view (FOV) will allow optimal images. With the displacement technique, one cannot be surveying the breast; scanning must be done in one stationary position.Modern US devices allow combined elasticity and 2D real time assessment of tissues or lesions, using the same probe as conventional ultrasound imaging [15]. Sonoelastography demonstrates the elasticity of a lesion related to the elasticity of the surrounding tissue [13], so the final result is based on the comparison between pre and postcompression data [10,15,16], however it´s difficult with this technique to amount of the stress during the compression process.In contrast to strain elastography, SWE uses an acoustic radiation force impulse created by a focused ultrasound beam, which allows measurement of the propagation speed of shear waves within the tissue to locally quantify its stiffness in kilopascals or m/s. Because the speed of sound through tissues is dependent on the "stiffness" of these tissues, a quantitative value of the stiffness can be obtained, shear wave velocity is propo...