Sonographic Assessment of Fetal Growth Abnormalities

Debbink, Michelle; Son, Seung-Myoung; Woodward, Paula J.; Kennedy, Anne

doi:10.1148/rg.2021200081

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…The IUGR is associated with adverse effects on energy metabolism [ 44 ]. Previous studies showed that piglets with IUGR had higher levels of insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrauterine growth retardation affects liver bile acid metabolism in growing pigs: effects associated with the changes of colonic bile acid derivatives

Liu

Azad

Zhang

et al. 2022

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is associated with severely impaired nutrient metabolism and intestinal development of pigs. Our previous study found that IUGR altered intestinal microbiota and metabolites in the colon. However, the consequences of IUGR on bile acid metabolism in pigs remained unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the bile acid metabolism in the liver and the profile of bile acid derivatives in the colon of growing pigs with IUGR using bile acid targeted metabolomics. Furthermore, we determined correlations between colonic microbiota composition and metabolites of IUGR and normal birth weight (NBW) pigs at different growth stages that were 7, 21, and 28-day-old, and the average body weight (BW) of 25, 50, and 100 kg of the NBW pigs. Results The results showed that the plasma total bile acid concentration was higher (P < 0.05) at the 25 kg BW stage and tended to increase (P = 0.08) at 28-day-old in IUGR pigs. The hepatic gene expressions related to bile acid synthesis (CYP7A1, CYP27A1, and NTCP) were up-regulated (P < 0.05), and the genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism (ATGL, HSL, and PC) were down-regulated (P < 0.05) at the 25 kg BW stage in IUGR pigs when compared with the NBW group. Targeted metabolomics analysis showed that 29 bile acids and related compounds were detected in the colon of pigs. The colonic concentrations of dehydrolithocholic acid and apocholic acid were increased (P < 0.05), while isodeoxycholic acid and 6,7-diketolithocholic acid were decreased (P < 0.05) in IUGR pigs, when compared with the NBW pigs at the 25 kg BW stage. Moreover, Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that colonic Unclassified_[Mogibacteriaceae], Lachnospira, and Slackia abundances were negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with dehydrolithocholic acid, as well as the Unclassified_Clostridiaceae abundance with 6,7-diketolithocholic acid at the 25 kg BW stage. Conclusions These findings suggest that IUGR could affect bile acid and glucolipid metabolism in growing pigs, especially at the 25 kg BW stage, these effects being paralleled by a modification of bile acid derivatives concentrations in the colonic content. The plausible links between these modified parameters are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrauterine growth retardation affects liver bile acid metabolism in growing pigs: effects associated with the changes of colonic bile acid derivatives

Liu

Azad

Zhang

et al. 2022

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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“…By recommendation of WHO [10][11], other more reliable parameters are included in the classification, such as head circumference (HC), biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL), limbs circumference and abdominal circumference (AC). Measurements of femur length and upper leg circumference are potential parameters for assessment of fetal weight with even distribution of muscle mass and fat tissue during fetal growth and development [12,13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Fetal Weight: Reference Range at 17-25 Gestational Age According to Anthropometrical Parameters

Trpkovska

Zafirova

2022

JMS

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The screening and management of abnormal fetal growth, whether it be macrosomia or growth restriction, remain important objectives of prenatal care. The measurement of fetal biometry in the second and third trimesters is an important part of these examinations and biometric measurements are combined routinely in order to calculate the estimated fetal weight (EFW).EFW is a useful parameter with which to predict birth weight and outcome when it is calculated a few days before delivery.Total number of fetuses (n=210) according to gestational age were divided in three groups (first group 17-19g.a; second group 20-22g.a and third group 23-25g.a). Each group was divided in subgroups according to the sex criterion. Anthropometrical parameters were measured using methodology of the International Biological Programme (IBP) with standard technique of measurement and equipment.Fetal parameters were analyzed: fetal weight (FW), fetal length (FL), biparietal diameter (BPI), head circumferences, thigh circumferences, Mid Upper arm circumferences, abdominal circumferences, longitudinal and transversal parameters.The fetal weight as a basic characteristic and indicator of the physical growth is of great practical importance because it supplies information whether the fetuses weight is normal for the gestational week or there are some deviations which lead to an abnormal development of the fetus. The results showed that anthropometrical parameters of the fetus were in positive correlations with fetal weight and their values were increased in different groups according to gestational age.Fetal anthropometric models are strongly predictive of actual fetal weight. The need for using measurements of some anthropometrical parameters of the fetus are imposed as sensitive, safe and sample, above all compelling in routine clinical practice.

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“…Therefore, at least two ultrasound scans conducted at different intervals are necessary to track this progression (21) (22) Fetuses with an estimated fetal weight below the 10th percentile, according to the trajectory model, should undergo serial ultrasound scans every 3-4 weeks following diagnosis. This will allow the supervising clinician to periodically evaluate the fetus's viability perinatal risk and determine the appropriate timing for delivery (23). When dealing with pregnancies that have no date or have been poorly dated, accurately diagnosing the incorrect size of the fetus presents a distinct issue.…”

Section: Serial Growth Scanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiological Modalities for the Assessment of Fetal Growth Restriction: A Comprehensive Review

Abdulqader,

Nori,

Akram

et al. 2024

Al-Kindy Col. Med. J

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Fetal growth restriction is a significant contributor to fetal morbidity and mortality. In addition, there are heightened maternal risks associated with surgical operations and their accompanying dangers. Monitoring fetal development is a crucial objective of prenatal care and effective methods for early diagnosis of Fetal growth restriction, allowing prompt management and timely intervention to improve the outcomes. Screening for Fetal growth restriction can be achieved via many modalities; it can be medical, biochemical, or radiological. Some recommended combining more than one for better outcomes. Currently, there is inconsistency about the best method of Fetal growth restriction screening. In this review, a comprehensive evaluation of the current radiological methods used for Fetal growth restriction, including serial growth scan, Doppler velocimetry, and biophysical profile is offered. Limitations, and potential enhancements area were specifically analyzing the effectiveness. Moreover, recently developed experimental radiological techniques were presented and how to integrate them into practice to enhance follow-up performance and results.

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Sonographic Assessment of Fetal Growth Abnormalities

Abstract: List the terminology used to describe abnormal fetal growth.Describe the roles of Doppler US and other examinations of fetal well-being in the management of growth restriction.

Cited by 7 publications

References 86 publications

Intrauterine growth retardation affects liver bile acid metabolism in growing pigs: effects associated with the changes of colonic bile acid derivatives

Intrauterine growth retardation affects liver bile acid metabolism in growing pigs: effects associated with the changes of colonic bile acid derivatives

Estimation of Fetal Weight: Reference Range at 17-25 Gestational Age According to Anthropometrical Parameters

Radiological Modalities for the Assessment of Fetal Growth Restriction: A Comprehensive Review

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