Sonographic assessment of petroleum-induced hepatotoxicity in Nigerians: does biochemical assessment underestimate liver damage?

Anakwue, Angel-Mary C.; Anakwue, Raphael; Okeji, Mark C.; Idigo, Felicitas U.; Agwu, Kenneth K.; Nwogu, Uloma

doi:10.4314/ahs.v17i1.33

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…as altered liver echopattern and liver function was already reported in this group of workers (21) . This is so in consideration of the poor handling and abuse of petroleum products as therapeutic agents, the widespread lack of use of protective devices among petroleum workers, roadside hawking of fuel and the indiscriminate siting of petrol filling stations in Nigeria.…”

Section: Conflict Of Interestsupporting

confidence: 73%

Renal echotextural changes in Nigerian workers chronically exposed to petroleum-based liquid fuels

2020

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Background: Exposure to hydrocarbon is associated with an increased risk of development of chronic kidney disease. Ultrasound, which is a non-invasive imaging modality, provides very important information about kidney morphology. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to some petroleum products on the kidney of exposed workers using sonography. Materials and methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study involving 415 workers with chronic workplace exposure to petroleum fuel in Enugu metropolis. The study population comprised 164 petrol station attendants, 175 automobile mechanics and 76 petrol tanker drivers aged between 20 and 65 years. Abdominal ultrasound was performed, as well as serum urea and creatinine were measured to assess the kidneys of these workers chronically exposed to petroleum fuels, and the findings were compared to findings in an aged-matched, non-exposed control group. Results: Increased echogenicity of the kidneys was observed in 21 subjects from the study group and this differed significantly (p <0.05) from the findings in the control group. Conclusions: The study has shown that chronic exposure to petroleum fuel affects renal echotexture and that ultrasound may serve as a useful non-invasive tool for routine use in the assessment of petroleum-induced nephropathy.

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Section: Conflict Of Interestsupporting

confidence: 73%

Renal echotextural changes in Nigerian workers chronically exposed to petroleum-based liquid fuels

2020

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“…PSWs tended to have reduced pulmonary functions compared to the controls that were not occupationally exposed to petrol fumes/petroleum products ( 151 , 155 , 163 , 171 , 178 ). Anakwue et al ( 168 ) described increased kidney echotexture among 21 of 36 PSWs in Enugu.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) at Nigeria's petrol stations: a review of current status, challenges and future directions

Anigilaje,

Nasir,

Walton

2024

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionIn Nigeria, because of increasing population, urbanization, industrialization, and auto-mobilization, petrol is the most everyday non-edible commodity, and it is the leading petroleum product traded at the proliferating Nigeria's petrol stations (NPSs). However, because of inadequate occupational health and safety (OHS) regulatory measures, working at NPSs exposes petrol station workers (PSWs) to a large amount of hazardous benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds.MethodsStudies on BTEX exposures among Nigerian PSWs are scarce. Thus, constraints in quantifying the health risks of BTEX limit stakeholders' ability to design practical risk assessment and risk control strategies. This paper reviews studies on the OHS of Nigerian PSWs at the NPSs.ResultsAlthough knowledge, attitude, and practices on OHS in NPSs vary from one Nigeria's study setting to another, generally, safety practices, awareness about hazards and personal protective equipment (PPE), and the use of PPE among PSWs fell below expectations. Additionally, air quality at NPSs was poor, with a high content of BTEX and levels of carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, particulate matter, and formaldehyde higher than the World Health Organization guideline limits.DiscussionCurrently, regulatory bodies' effectiveness and accountability in safeguarding OHS at NPSs leave much to be desired. Understanding the OHS of NPSs would inform future initiatives, policies, and regulations that would promote the health and safety of workers at NPSs. However, further studies need to be conducted to describe the vulnerability of PSWs and other Nigerians who are occupationally exposed to BTEX pollution. More importantly, controlling air pollution from hazardous air pollutants like BTEX is an essential component of OHS and integral to attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3, 7, and 11.

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“…Upstream production includes extraction and production, while downstream production includes post-production of crude oil activities at refineries, petrochemical plants, and storage tanks. The many adverse biological effects of downstream petroleum products [ 95 , 96 ] are not summarized here, but information has been reported in the literature and made available by the petroleum industry [ 97 – 99 ]. Their relevance to modeling inhaled COV adverse health effects in humans is limited.…”

Section: Potential Toxicologic Mechanisms Of Downstream Petroleum Pro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the composition of coal distillate is very different from crude oil, both crude oil and coal distillate contain complex and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, and therefore, the effects of distillate exposure could be predictive of COV’s adverse effects. Attempts have been made using animal organ/tissue end-points, none of them involving pathophysiological measurements, to predict the acute and repeated dose toxicity of petroleum mixtures in humans based upon knowledge of certain well-characterized PAH components [ 97 , 105 – 107 ].…”

Section: Potential Toxicologic Mechanisms Of Downstream Petroleum Pro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological Effects of Inhaled Crude Oil Vapor

Fedan,

Thompson,

Sager

et al. 2024

Curr Envir Health Rpt

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Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to assess the toxicological consequences of crude oil vapor (COV) exposure in the workplace through evaluation of the most current epidemiologic and laboratory-based studies in the literature. Recent Findings Crude oil is a naturally occuring mixture of hydrocarbon deposits, inorganic and organic chemical compounds. Workers engaged in upstream processes of oil extraction are exposed to a number of risks and hazards, including getting crude oil on their skin or inhaling crude oil vapor. There have been several reports of workers who died as a result of inhalation of high levels of COV released upon opening thief hatches atop oil storage tanks. Although many investigations into the toxicity of specific hydrocarbons following inhalation during downstream oil processing have been conducted, there is a paucity of information on the potential toxicity of COV exposure itself. Summary This review assesses current knowledge of the toxicological consequences of exposures to COV in the workplace.

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Sonographic assessment of petroleum-induced hepatotoxicity in Nigerians: does biochemical assessment underestimate liver damage?

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Renal echotextural changes in Nigerian workers chronically exposed to petroleum-based liquid fuels

Renal echotextural changes in Nigerian workers chronically exposed to petroleum-based liquid fuels

Exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) at Nigeria's petrol stations: a review of current status, challenges and future directions

Toxicological Effects of Inhaled Crude Oil Vapor

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