Sonographic determination of fetal gender before 25 weeks gestation

Dunne, Morgan G.; Cunat, J S

doi:10.2214/ajr.140.4.741

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Using the sagittal sign and additional sonographic findings, others have also reported sonographic fetal sex determination in the late first and early second trimesters with varying success. Dunne and Cunat7 failed to diagnose the fetal sex at 10–14 weeks' gestation, while Natsuyama8, adding the anogenital and anoperineogenital distance (both being longer in males) at 12–40 weeks' gestation, reported an accuracy of 85.3%. The same author also noted that the direction of the developing fetal phallus differs, with the penis pointing cranially and the clitoris pointing caudally.…”

Section: Prenatal Sex Determination Using Fetal Ultrasound and Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic approach in prenatally detected genital abnormalities

Chitayat

Glanc

2010

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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Section: Prenatal Sex Determination Using Fetal Ultrasound and Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic approach in prenatally detected genital abnormalities

Chitayat

Glanc

2010

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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“…In the past, the available ultrasonographic technology did not provide early and reliable assessment of fetal sex [11][12][13][14][15] , but more recently the development of highresolution ultrasound equipment has enabled accurate sex prediction to be made as early as 11 weeks of gestation 16 . However, the number of cases investigated at 11 and 12 weeks is very limited 16,17 and the earliest gestational age for a reliable assignment of fetal sex is still unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biometrical threshold of biparietal diameter for certain fetal sex assignment by ultrasound

Mazza

Contu

Falcinelli

et al. 1999

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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“…There has been reported comparable similarity between the scrotum and labia majora in fetuses in the late first and second trimesters, and unless the penis is clearly demonstrable one tends to interpret that the fetus is female [21][22][23]. It is our belief that if further studies of this type are conducted, increased determination to demonstrate a penis will result in a lower error rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Also, in a study done by Adeyinka et al in the 1st trimester, 90.3% and 83.2% of the female and male fetuses respectively were correctly predicted. In some studies, accuracy was higher for male gender, whereas in others, it was higher for females [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Mielke et al however reported no difference in identification rate between the two sexes [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound Scanning In In-Utero Prediction of Fetal Gender

2017

IJWHC

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Background: Until recently, the ultrasound was the only non-invasive scientific way to learn the gender of the unborn baby. In developed countries, ultrasound practice has far been in existence for decades. However, in developing world, the advent of ultrasound was in the last three decades in majority of the centres. Thus gender assessment using ultrasound is an expertise that was acquired in the developing world in less than three decades in generality of cases. Objectives: This was to determine the accuracy of ultrasound in predicting the sex of baby in-utero. Methods: This study was conducted in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, and Life Specialist Hospital, both in Nnewi, south-east Nigeria. The accuracy of the ultrasound was related to the gestational age at which the ultrasound was done, body mass index (BMI), the presentation of the fetus and the experience of the Sonographer. The ultrasound scans were done by a Registrar in department of Obstetrics, a consultant in the same department and a consultant radiologist. Analysis was done using SPSS Package version [19]. Results: Three hundred and fifty one cases met the inclusion criteria and were finally used for analysis. This study revealed that the overall accuracy was 96%. In all, 14 cases were misdiagnosed out of 351 cases. Further analysis showed that 100% accuracy was obtained by the scans done by the consultants but 88.0% by the ones done by the registrar. Apart from experience, the BMI and presentation of the fetuses were contributory to the high accuracy. In patients with body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2 , the accuracy was 98.1% and 72.7% for cephalic and breech presenting fetuses respectively (p>0.05). Similarly, in patients with BMI of ≥25 but <30 kg/m2 , the accuracy was 93.3% and 66.7% for cephalic and breech presenting fetuses respectively. This too was not statistically significant (p>0.05). There was also no statistical significant difference in the accuracy of fetal sex determination between the two groups of women with respect to their BMI (p>0.05). None of the fetuses were in transverse lie and none had malformations of the external genitalia on delivery. Conclusion: Ultrasound remains a very important tool in the prediction of the sex of the fetus especially in developing country setting where there is high penchant for male babies. A good number of factors contribute to this accuracy

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Sonographic determination of fetal gender before 25 weeks gestation

Cited by 19 publications

References 3 publications

Diagnostic approach in prenatally detected genital abnormalities

Diagnostic approach in prenatally detected genital abnormalities

Biometrical threshold of biparietal diameter for certain fetal sex assignment by ultrasound

Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound Scanning In In-Utero Prediction of Fetal Gender

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