Sonographic Diagnosis of Fetal Vascular Rings in Early Pregnancy

Anomalies of the fetal aortic arch: a novel sonographic approach to in‐utero diagnosis

“…Most individuals with persistent right aortic arch who do not present with heart disease, or those with a non-restrictive ring, are usually asymptomatic 11,20 . Although, in a previous, preliminary study, we described the use of transvaginal sonography in the diagnosis of fetal vascular rings 9 , the present study differs substantially because of its use of color Doppler, which made it possible for us to clearly visualize the ring components.…”

“…In our country, most fetal examinations are covered by major health insurance organizations. Fetal cardiac examination is standardized using the extended protocol for fetal echocardiography, as previously reported by us [6][7][8][9] . This routinely includes seven sonographic views: (1) transverse view of the upper abdomen; (2) four-chamber view; (3) longitudinal left outflow tract; (4) short-axis view for right outflow tract; (5) longitudinal view for aortic arch and ductus; (6) longitudinal view for systemic veins; and (7) upper axial mediastinal, three-vessel view combined with tracheal location for aortic arch abnormalities.…”

Fetuses with right aortic arch: a multicenter cohort study and meta‐analysis

“…Another two had mild symptoms, which improved. Computed tomographic angiography and barium swallow at 2 and 5 years of age showed no significant obstruction Galindo (2009) 11 Turan (2009) 12 Hsu (2011) 32 Li (2011) 31 Bronshtein (2011) 30 Gul (2012) 29 Miranda (2014) 28 Razon (2014) 24 Chaoui (2002) 25 Achiron (2002) 2 Patel (2006) 10 Berg (2006) 8 Zidere (2006) 7 Tuo (2009) 9 Galindo (2009) 11 Turan (2009) 12 Hsu (2011) 32 Bronshtein (2011) 30 Gul (2012) 29 Miranda (2014) 28 Razon (2014) 24 Current study Galindo (2009) 11 Turan (2009) 12 Hsu (2011) 32 Li (2011) 31 Bronshtein (2011) 30 Bronshtein (1998) 6 Gul (2012) 29 Miranda (2014) 28 Achiron (2002) 2 Patel (2006) 10 Berg (2006) 8 Zidere (2006) 7 Tuo (2009) 9 Galindo (2009) 11 Turan (2009) 12 Hsu (2011) 32 Li (2011) 31 Bronshtein (2011) 30 Chaoui (2002) 25 Gul (2012) …”

“…Almost all studies showed an overall good rate with regard to the selection and comparability of the study groups and for the ascertainment of the outcome of interest. The main weaknesses of these studies were their small sample size, being series from high-risk populations, Bronshtein (1998) 6 Achiron (2002) 2 Patel (2006) 10 Berg (2006) 8 Zidere (2006) 7 Tuo (2009) 9 Galindo (2009) 11 Turan (2009) 12 Hsu (2011) 32 Li (2011) 31 Bronshtein (2011) 30 Gul (2012) 29 Miranda (2014) 28 Razon (2014) Bronshtein (1998) 6 Patel (2006) 10 Zidere (2006) 7 Tuo (2009) 9 Galindo (2009) 11 Turan (2009) 12 Hsu (2011) 32 Bronshtein (2011) 30 Gul (2012) 29 Miranda (2014) Galindo (2009) 11 Turan (2009) 12 Hsu (2011) 32 Li (2011) 31 Miranda (2014) 28 Razon ( Galindo (2009) 11 Turan (2009) 12 Hsu (2011) 32 Li (2011) 31 Miranda (2014) 28 Razon (2014) and lack of ascertainment of all individual outcomes. Furthermore, most studies had a relatively short period of follow-up after birth.…”

Fetal Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Vascular Rings

“…There are very few reports of prenatal diagnosis of vascular rings. [1][2][3][4] The typical presentation in postnatal life is stridor. Many times, parents notice noisy breathing from birth that is aggravated by intercurrent upper respiratory infections.…”