Sonographic Evaluation of Optic Nerve Diameter in Children With Raised Intracranial Pressure

Bavarian, Shirin; Mehdizadeh, Mehrzad

doi:10.7863/jum.2005.24.2.143

Cited by 99 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…There was a significant positive correlation between ONSD and age established from their study. Similar finding was obtained in a study by Aschkan [22] on sonographic evaluation of optic nerve sheath diameter in children with raised intracranial pressure among the controls used. This is contrary to findings in this study, no significant correlation between ONSD and age was observed.…”

Section: Section: Radiologysupporting

confidence: 88%

Ultrasonograhic Measurement of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Normal Adults

Oluseyi¹,

Ukamaka²

2017

AIMDR

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Background: Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) is a common manifestation of severe brain injury and measurement of optic nerve diameter using ultrasound as a non-invasive method is increasing being use as a marker to detect raised ICP. The aim of this study is to determine normal optic nerve sheath diameter in normal Nigerian adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional prospective study conducted at the radiology department on 150 normal adults over a period of ten months. The optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) was measured 3mm behind the globe using 7.5 MHz linear probe placed over the closed eyelid with subjects in supine position. Results: The mean age of the studied population was 38.69±12.

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Section: Section: Radiologysupporting

confidence: 88%

Ultrasonograhic Measurement of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Normal Adults

Oluseyi¹,

Ukamaka²

2017

AIMDR

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“…The upper limit of the normal range for optic nerve sheath diameter is 4.5mm in patients over 1 year of age, and 4mm in children younger than 1 year of age. [27][28][29] Newman et al 29 found that patients with functioning ventriculoperitoneal shunts had a mean optic nerve sheath diameter of 3mm, while those with raised ICP had a mean optic nerve sheath diameter of 5 to 6mm. Evaluation of optic nerve sheath diameter is a potentially useful tool in the assessment and monitoring of children with hydrocephalus suspected of having raised ICP.…”

Section: Neonatal Fontanelle Compressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of intracranial pressure in children: a critical review of current methods

Wiegand¹,

Richards²

2007

Develop Med Child Neuro

131

105

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Assessment of intracranial pressure (ICP) is essential in the management of acute intracranial catastrophe to limit or actively reduce ICP. This article provides background information and reviews the current literature on methods of measuring ICP in children. Indications for ICP measurement are described for children with traumatic brain injury, shunt insertion or malfunction, arachnoid cyst, craniosynostosis, and prematurity. Various methods of ICP monitoring are detailed: non-invasive, indirect (lumbar puncture, visualevoked potentials, fontanelle compression, and optic nerve sheath), and direct assessment (ventricular cannulation, and epidural, subdural, and intraparenchymal devices). Normal levels of ICP will depend on the age and position of the child during monitoring. This article provides clinical and research-based evidence in this area where there is currently limited guidance.One of the frequent questions about neurological critical care of children relates to indications and methods for measurement of intracranial pressure (ICP) and the appropriate therapy for raised ICP. 1 Literature on methods of measuring ICP in children is relatively rare and there is no clear guidance on when and where to measure ICP in routine clinical practice. Advances in monitoring technology and new microsensor tips of minimally invasive catheters have improved the ease, safety, and accuracy of ICP measurement, allowing more widespread use in emergency and elective situations.Interpreting results of ICP measurement should remain in the hands of experienced clinicians and must never stand for themselves when taking into account clinical history and clinical symptoms. This review is targeted to give a clinically orientated overview of daily practice of ICP monitoring in a variety of situations. 2,3 Historical background The most simple and longest-standing method of measuring ICP is to perform a lumbar puncture and to observe the opening and closing pressure. This indirect and, at the same time, imprecise procedure is still commonly used. However, as a technique it has significant disadvantages and inaccuracies.Recognition of these problems led Lundberg et al. to develop intraventricular pressure monitoring in the 1960s. 4-6 Lundberg et al. also described the various wave patterns associated with intracranial pathology. 4-6 Ventricular catheterization 2-3 remains the criterion standard for ICP measurement today, but it was recognized early on that there were problems, especially with infection, which limited the length of usage of such monitoring, and there were often technical difficulties with cannulating a compressed or deviated ventricle in situations where ICP was raised.In an attempt to overcome the difficulties associated with ventricular ICP measurement, a variety of extra-ventricular devices were developed during the next 20 years, including subdural devices based on saline-filled transducers (e.g.

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“…9 This non-invasive technique has been used successfully in emergency rooms, [10][11][12] children with hydrocephalus, 13 and children with other causes of raised ICP. 14 We have previously established normative values for ONS diameter in Malawian children and showed the use of ONS ultrasound for detecting raised ICP in a resource-poor setting. 15 That study suggested that an ONS diameter of 4.3 mm and above was abnormal and had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 86% for detecting raised ICP, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Raised Intracranial Pressure in Cerebral Malaria Detected by Optic Nerve Sheath Ultrasound

Beare¹,

Glover²,

Lewallen³

et al. 2012

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We aimed to use optic nerve sheath (ONS) ultrasound to determine the prevalence of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in African children with cerebral malaria (CM); and if increased ONS diameter is associated with poor outcome. We measured ONS diameter in 101 children with CM and 11 children with malaria and impaired consciousness in Malawi. The prevalence of raised ICP detected by increased ONS diameter was 49%. Case fatality was similar in children with increased ONS diameter on admission (9/55) and those children without increased ONS diameter (11/57). Neurological sequelae were more common in those children with increased ONS diameter (7/46 versus 2/46, P 0.05). Lumbar puncture (LP) opening pressure was elevated in 95% of 46 children who underwent LP. In Malawian children with CM, raised ICP is less commonly detected by ONS ultrasound than LP. This study suggests that raised ICP is not universal in CM and that other mechanisms may account for coma.

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Sonographic Evaluation of Optic Nerve Diameter in Children With Raised Intracranial Pressure

Abstract: Optic nerve diameter, measured by transorbital sonography, was significantly greater in pediatric patients with increased ICP compared with a control group. Transorbital sonography can be used to identify pediatric patients with raised ICP.

Cited by 99 publications

References 13 publications

Ultrasonograhic Measurement of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Normal Adults

Ultrasonograhic Measurement of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Normal Adults

Measurement of intracranial pressure in children: a critical review of current methods

Prevalence of Raised Intracranial Pressure in Cerebral Malaria Detected by Optic Nerve Sheath Ultrasound

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