Sonographic Evaluation of the Portal and Hepatic Systems

Owen, Cindy A.; Meyers, Patrick R.

doi:10.1177/8756479306293101

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Slow flow is diagnostic for portal hypertension, which is diagnosed when peak velocity is less than 16 cm/sec ( Table 9). Portal hypertension is caused by cirrhosis in the vast majority of cases; however, the exhaustive list of causes is generally divided into prehepatic (eg, portal vein thrombosis), intrahepatic (eg, cirrhosis from any cause), and posthepatic (right-sided heart failure, tricuspid regurgitation, Budd-Chiari syndrome) causes (6). The most specific findings for portal hypertension are development of portosystemic shunts (eg, a recanalized umbilical vein) and slow or reversed (hepatofugal) flow.…”

Section: Portal Veinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doppler US of the Liver Made Simple

2011

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Doppler ultrasonography (US) is usually the first-line modality for evaluating flow in native liver vessels and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS). Waveforms, which represent flow in each of the major vessels and in TIPS, have been well described. The appearance of these waveforms should be recognized, and the mechanisms behind their generation should be understood by those interpreting these examinations. Understanding how waveforms are formed--that is, their mechanisms for generation--is predicated on knowing basic vascular Doppler concepts and established nomenclature. This article is a review of these basic concepts and nomenclature as applied to the interpretation of liver Doppler US waveforms.

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Section: Portal Veinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doppler US of the Liver Made Simple

2011

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“…The portal vein (PV) is formed by the union splenic and superior mesenteric vein posterior to the head of the pancreas. [ 12 ] It conveys blood from the bowel and spleen to the liver. Portal hypertension is a major feature of chronic liver disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic Measurements of the Liver, Gallbladder Wall Thickness, Inferior Vena Cava, Portal Vein and Pancreas in an Urban Region, Malaysia

Khammas

Mahmud

2021

Journal of Medical Ultrasound

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Background: Ultrasonographic (USG) measurements of the liver length, gallbladder wall thickness (GBWT), diameters of the inferior vena cava (IVC), portal vein (PV), and pancreas are valuable and reliable in diagnosis hepatobiliary and pancreas conditions. This study is aimed to determine the normal values of liver length, GBWT, AP diameters of the IVC and PV, AP diameter of the head and body of the pancreas. Methods: A prospective cross–sectional study was carried out in this study. A total of the 408 participants were randomly recruited using a systematic method. According to the USG reports, the subjects who had normal USG report for liver, biliary system, and pancreas were described as normals, whereas the subjects who had hepatobiliary diseases such as fatty liver, liver cysts, hemangioma, cirrhosis, gallbladder wall thickening, acute cholecystitis, gallstones, and polyps were recorded as abnormal subjects. Results: Of the 408 participants with a mean of 52.6 ± 8.4 years old. Of those, 294 (72.1%) participants were normal and 114 (27.9%) subjects were reported as abnormal. More than half of the study population was males, 52.9% versus 47.1% of females. There was a significant difference of liver length, head, and body of the pancreas between genders ( P = 0.004, 0.002, and P < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, the pancreatic body only was significantly correlated with age ( P = 0.026). There also was a significant difference of the liver length, head, and body of the pancreas between normal and abnormal subjects ( P < 0.001, P = 0.007, and P < 0.001). Conclusion: Liver length, diameter of the head, and body of the pancreas were significantly associated with gender and hepatobiliary diseases. In addition, only the diameter of the body of the pancreas was significantly correlated with age.

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“…The normal liver vascular flow patterns including direction and velocity of flow can be identified via spectral and color Doppler US due to special characteristics and parameters of each vessel. [ 10 11 ] Doppler US is performed for cirrhotic patients as an important part of the diagnosis, since it may provide beneficial information about severity of liver fibro nodular alterations, the presence of portal hypertension and development of portacaval shunts in the form of various intra-abdominal varices and collaterals. [ 12 13 ] Therefore, a main part of scientific efforts, have been focused on the sensitivity and specificity of the radiologic findings, parameters and indices in Doppler US, which may help in the identification of cut of points for diagnosing the patients at earlier stages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doppler assessment of children with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension in comparison with a healthy control group: An analytical cross-sectional study

Riahinezhad¹,

Rezaei²,

Saneian

et al. 2018

J Res Med Sci

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Background:Doppler ultrasonography (Doppler US) plays an important role in evaluating patients with liver cirrhosis. This study aims to investigate the hemodynamic alterations of hepatic artery and portal vein among children with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension (esophageal varices).Materials and Methods:We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study in Imam Hossein Children's Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, in 2016. A number of 33 cirrhotic children with or without esophageal varices were selected through convenience sampling method to be compared with 19 healthy children as controls using color and spectral Doppler US.Results:Portal vein mean velocities were 15.03 ± 7.3 cm/s in cirrhotics, 16.47 ± 6.4 cm/s in controls (P = 0.51), 11.6 ± 4.7 cm/s in patients with varices, and 17.9 ± 7.3 cm/s in patients without varices (P = 0.015). Mean diameters of caudate lobe, portal vein, and splenic vein, as well as the mean values of liver and spleen span, were significantly higher in cirrhotic children. The frequency of flow reversal (hepatofugal flow) was not detected significantly different in cirrhotics. Peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, pulsatility index, and resistive index for hepatic artery as well as liver vascular index were not significantly different in cirrhotics in comparison with controls.Conclusion:Alterations in Doppler parameters of portal vein including diameter and velocity may be the helpful indicators of liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices in children, respectively. Parameters of hepatic artery may not differentiate children with liver cirrhosis.

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Sonographic Evaluation of the Portal and Hepatic Systems

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Doppler US of the Liver Made Simple

Doppler US of the Liver Made Simple

Ultrasonographic Measurements of the Liver, Gallbladder Wall Thickness, Inferior Vena Cava, Portal Vein and Pancreas in an Urban Region, Malaysia

Doppler assessment of children with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension in comparison with a healthy control group: An analytical cross-sectional study

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