Sonographic evaluation of the size of achilles tendon: the effect of exercise and dominance of the ankle

Ying, Michael; Yeung, Emmy; Li, Brian; Li, Winnie; Lui, Mandy; Tsoi, Chi-Wai

doi:10.1016/s0301-5629(03)00008-5

Cited by 122 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

112

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…20 Our study confirms previous studies by showing that the tendon decreases in antero-posterior diameter and widens at the calcaneal insertion in normal subjects 21 and that there is significant positive correlation between tendon thickness and body height. 22 Compared with a study by Ying et al 13 that was also performed on Chinese subjects, the mean antero-posterior diameter in our study is lower, and the difference shows statistical significance (p 5 0.05). In the study by Ying et al, tendon thickness at the level of the medial malleolus was 5.23 6 0.45 mm.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

“…The crosssectional area of the Achilles tendon in normal subjects has been described in only 2 studies. 13,23 We observed that the cross-sectional area increases as the tendon runs distally. In our study, 11% of the normal control tendons contained discrete small hypoechoic foci.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…2 Sonography is commonly used to evaluate the Achilles tendon and paratendinous structures (subcutaneous tissues, Kager's fat pad [or preAchilles fat pad], bursae, calcaneal insertion, and plantar fascia). Although some features relating to chronic Achilles tendinopathy have been described previously, [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] there are no established sonographic diagnostic criteria for this entity. The purpose of our study was to analyze the sonographic appearances of Achilles tendon in normal subjects and in patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy with the aim of establishing diagnostic sonographic criteria for chronic Achilles tendinopathy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sonography of chronic Achilles tendinopathy: A case–control study

Leung

Griffith

2007

J of Clinical Ultrasound

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose. To describe the sonographic appearance of Achilles tendon in normal subjects and patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy with the aim of establishing diagnostic sonographic criteria for Achilles tendinopathy.Methods. A prospective, cross-sectional, case-control sonographic study of the Achilles tendon was undertaken. Thirty tendons in 21 patients and 100 tendons in 50 control subjects were selected. Sonographic assessment included tendon thickness, echogenicity, fibrillar pattern, and presence of calcifications. Power Doppler imaging was used to assess tendon vascularity. Paratendinous structures and plantar fascia were also examined.Results. Tendinopathic tendons were larger than normal tendons in both cross-sectional area and anteroposterior diameter. Hypoechoic areas within the tendon were more commonly seen in patients. Disruption of fibrillar pattern, increase in tendon vascularity, increased Kager's fat pad echogenicity, and paratenon thickening were solely seen in patients. Fluid in the retrocalcaneal bursa and calcaneal bony abnormalities were seen in both groups without a significant difference.Conclusion. Achilles tendinopathy results in enlargement, particularly of the mid-and distal portions of the tendon, disruption of fibrillar pattern, and increase in tendon vascularity. Additional signs are increased Kager's fat pad echogenicity and paratenon thickening. Tendon calcification, changes in retrocalcaneal bursae, and calcaneal contour are not specific for Achilles tendinopathy.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sonography of chronic Achilles tendinopathy: A case–control study

Leung

Griffith

2007

J of Clinical Ultrasound

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A total of eighty (80) apparently healthy male Nigerian volunteer with age ranging from 18-32 (40 control and 40 artisans) were recruited for this study. They were informed to avoid any physical activity or exercises (e.g., running, cycling, etc ) weeks before the study as this have found to cause increase in fat pad thickness 14 . None of the subjects had any clinical evidence of musculoskeletal injury, were diabetic or had any history of Familial hypercholesterolemia.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupation related differences in the thickness of metatarsal fat pads: an in vivo assessment in a young male adult population

Augustine

Akunna

2018

Bangladesh J Med Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:The foot combines mechanical complexities with structural strength to withstand pressure and the metatarsal fat pads play a major role in this. Methods Material: In this study, we determined the metatarsal fat pad thickness of 40 male students that constituted a control group and an age-matched 40 male auto mechanic artisans within Abakaliki metropolis, southeast Nigeria, which served as the quasi-experimental group. Evaluation was made using a brightness mode ultrasound system. Their weights, heights, foot length, foot breadth and mid foot circumference were measured. Results: Results show a significant (P<0.05) difference in the mid-foot circumference and metatarsal fat pad thickness between the control (9.99±0.55cm and 2.04±0.35mm respectively) and artisans (9.58±2.0.59cm and 2.50±2.0.38mm respectively). However, there was no significant (P>0.05) differences in the foot breadth and length between the control (9.86±0.84cm and 26.96±1.03cm) and artisans (10.03±0.54cm and 26.16±1.39cm). Conclusion: These findings indicate that occupation related physical activity that increases plantar pressure can induce an unprecedented thickening of the Metatarsal fat pads thereby reducing elasticity and shock absorbing ability of the fat pads. This could trigger the development of overuse injuries of the foot and plantar foot ulcers. The assessment could also serve as a guidepost in the biomechanical evaluation of the metatarsal fat pad thickness.

show abstract

“…None had any subjective clinical evidence of musculoskeletal injury or any orthopaedic abnormality. They were informed to avoid any rigorous exercise (e,g, running, cycling, etc) two weeks before the study as this has been found to cause an increase in muscle thickness [26]. Oral interview with the subjects revealed that they were all Igbos with mono-ethnic parenthood of Igbos of Southeast Nigeria.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calf Muscle (Triceps Surae Complex) Thickness in an Adult Nigerian Population: An Imaging Based Normographic Study

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: The thickness of the triceps surae muscle complex was assessed by ultrasound in a young adult Nigerian population. Its relationship with some anthropometric variables and sexual dimorphism was also assessed. Subjects and Methods:Sixty young adults (30 males and 30 females) between the ages of 19 and 30 years were recruited for the study. Anthropometric protocols for height, weight, foot length (FL) lower leg length (LLL) and mid calf circumference (MCC) were observed. Results:Results show that the mean thickness of the calf muscle complex (CMT) was 81.65 ± 8.92 mm for all the subjects; 83.70 ± 8.73 mm for males; 79.95 ± 8.56 mm for females. The mean mid calf circumference (MCC) was 35.26 ± 2.61 cm for all subjects; 36.41 ± 3.56 cm for males; 34.10 ± 3.33 cm for females. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that CMT correlated positively with height, weight, BMI and BSA in the sample subjects. However, such correlations were not observed among the male subjects. MCC also correlated with some anthropometric parameters (height, weight, BMI, BSA, FL) measured. Conclusion:The findings from this study will form the bases for further research on relationships of the calf muscle complex. It also indicates that males have thicker Calf muscles and CMT has a positive relationship with height, weight, BMI and BSA especially among the female subjects.

show abstract

Sonographic evaluation of the size of achilles tendon: the effect of exercise and dominance of the ankle

Cited by 122 publications

References 23 publications

Sonography of chronic Achilles tendinopathy: A case–control study

Sonography of chronic Achilles tendinopathy: A case–control study

Occupation related differences in the thickness of metatarsal fat pads: an in vivo assessment in a young male adult population

Calf Muscle (Triceps Surae Complex) Thickness in an Adult Nigerian Population: An Imaging Based Normographic Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About