Sonographic examination of the apophysis of the iliac crest for forensic age estimation in living persons

Schmidt, Sven; Schiborr, Manfred; Pfeiffer, Heidi; Schmeling, Andreas; Schulz, Ronald

doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2013.05.004

Cited by 50 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A wide variety of methods based on the skeletal maturity [40][41][42][43][44] and dental development 31,45,46 have been published for age estimation. All these methods have proven to be accurate when applied to the individuals from the population from which those standards are derived 47 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of third molar maturity index (I 3M ) for discrimination of juvenile/adult status in South Indian population

Balla

Galić

Karunakar

et al. 2017

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

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Abstract:Deliberate falsification of age was considered to be one of the main reasons for forensic age estimation of the living individuals. This posed to be a challenging task during criminal and legal proceedings, and ultimate care must be taken not to classify juveniles as adults. Third molars are the only developing teeth during late adolescence and early adulthood. Our study was designed to analyze the usefulness of the third molar maturity index (I3M) specific cut-off value (I3M <0.08) to discriminate adults (≥ 18 years) and juveniles (<18 years) in South Indian children.216 panoramic radiographs (114 females and 102 males) of living subjects aged between 14 and 21 years were analyzed. Our results demonstrated high sensitivity (83.3% and 90.2%) and specificity (98.3 % and 95.1%) for females and males respectively. The positive likelihood ratios of being adult were 50.00 and 18.35 while the negative likelihood ratios were 0.17 and 0.10 in females and males respectively. The estimated posttest probability was 98.0% in females and 94.8% in males. The obtained results showed that the specific cut-off value of I3M <0.08 may be a useful additional tool in discrimination of individuals who are around 18 years of age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of third molar maturity index (I 3M ) for discrimination of juvenile/adult status in South Indian population

Balla

Galić

Karunakar

et al. 2017

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

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show abstract

“…Indeed, the US method is accurate and X-ray free, but it remains operator dependent. Also, it only allows a relatively superficial evaluation of bones due to limited penetration depth of ultrasonic waves [13,45,46]. MRI is a powerful tool, especially for identifying and studying growth plates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone age estimation based on multislice computed tomography study of the scapula

et al. 2016

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Progress in medical imaging has opened new areas of research in forensic anthropology, especially in the context of the study of bone age assessment. The study of bone age has become a useful tool for age estimation at death or age of young adult migrants in an anthropological context. We retrospectively evaluated multislice computed tomography (MSCT) explorations focused on scapulae of 232 individuals (123 males; 109 females) aged between 8 and 30 years old. Computed tomography (CT) scans were viewed in axial and multiplanar reconstructed images using OsiriX 5.9 (64 bit)®. The ossification centers of the scapula studied were as follows: acromial, sub-coracoid, glenoid, coracoid, coracoid apex, and inferior angle epiphyses. Fusion status was scored based on a five-stage system (stage 1: no ossification, stage 2: visualization of an ossification center, stage 3: partial ossification, stage 4: full ossification associated to an epiphyseal scar, and stage 5: full ossification without epiphyseal scar). Intra-observer variability was excellent, and inter-observer variability was good, demonstrating the reliability of this MSCT staging system. The fusion of scapular ossification centers was statistically associated with age (p < 0.001) but not with sex (p > 0.05). In conclusion, MSCT of the scapula is an efficient method for age assessment, which is complementary to preexisting methods particularly for specifying the 18-year threshold. Further studies with larger groups are needed to support our results.

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“…However, unlike published studies that have evaluated the same concept using dry mandible and direct measurements [10,11], the present research study measured the ramus length indirectly and used lateral cephalometric radiographs, as our intention was to investigate the possibility of applying this method to living patients. Clinical images, such as x-rays, ultrasonography, CT scans, and MRIs, are already proving to be a complementary source of information for forensic analysis [1,[20][21][22][23]. Lateral cephalometric radiographs are included in dental records, mainly for orthodontic treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mandibular ramus length as an indicator of chronological age and sex

et al. 2014

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Age and sex estimation is crucial in forensic investigations, whether in legal situations that involve living people or to identify mortal remains. The aim of this study was to establish reference values in a Brazilian population to estimate age and sex by measuring the length of the mandibular ramus on lateral cephalometric radiographs, and to determine the probability that an individual being is 18 years or older, based on the results that were obtained. Two hundred and eighteen scanned lateral cephalograms of individuals between 6 and 20 years of age (101 males and 117 females) were measured with reference to mandibular ramus length (the distance between Condylion superior (Cs) and Gonion (Go)) using ImageJ 1.41 software (NIH, Bethesda, MA, USA). The results showed that sexual dimorphism was not observed until 16 years and, based on the ramus length measurements in this sample, it is possible to predict sex with an accuracy of only 54 %. There was a positive correlation between age and ramus length (r = 0.90; p < 0.001). From the linear regression analysis, one formula was derived; therefore, it was possible to calculate the individual's age, given his or her ramus length. The results showed that if an individual's ramus length is 7.0 cm or more, then there is an 81.25 % chance that the individual is 18 years old or older. In conclusion, the mandibular ramus length was not effective in discriminating sex. Mandibular length is strongly related to chronological age and can be used to predict whether an individual is 18 years or older with high degree of expected accuracy.

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Sonographic examination of the apophysis of the iliac crest for forensic age estimation in living persons

Cited by 50 publications

References 18 publications

Validation of third molar maturity index (I 3M ) for discrimination of juvenile/adult status in South Indian population

Validation of third molar maturity index (I 3M ) for discrimination of juvenile/adult status in South Indian population

Bone age estimation based on multislice computed tomography study of the scapula

Mandibular ramus length as an indicator of chronological age and sex

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