Sonographic features of tuberculous peritonitis

Ramaiya, Lakshmi I.; Walter, David F.

doi:10.1007/bf00201695

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…1) [22,24,25,27,29,30,33,35]. In patients with ascites in retrospective studies, the results confirming septa are between 10 and 72 % [22,24,25,27]. In the patients with ascites in prospective studies, these results are between 30 and 100 % [29,30,31].…”

Section: Ascitessupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Ultrasonography reveals multiple, fine, complete or incomplete, and mobile strands of fibrin and debris in the ascites in 10±100 % of patients ( Fig. 1) [22,24,25,27,29,30,33,35]. In patients with ascites in retrospective studies, the results confirming septa are between 10 and 72 % [22,24,25,27].…”

Section: Ascitessupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The ªfibrotic-fixedº type is the less common type and characterized by omental involvement, matted loops of bowel and mesentery, and sometimes loculated ascites. The ªdry-plasticº type is the unusual type and characterized by caseous nodules, fibrous peritoneal reaction, and dense adhesions [15,21,22,23,24,25]. Ninety-seven percent of patients have ascites at the time of presentation [9,10,26].…”

Section: Tuberculous Peritonitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging of abdominal tuberculosis

2001

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The concept of "abdominal tuberculosis" in this review refers to peritoneum and its reflections, gastrointestinal tract, abdominal lymphatic system, and solid visceral organs, as they are subject to varying degrees of involvement alone or in combination. Some features, including free or loculated ascites with thin-mobile septa, smooth peritoneal thickening and enhancement, misty mesentery with large lymph nodes, smudged omental involvement, and advanced ileocecal changes demonstrated by US, CT, or gastrointestinal series are deemed suggestive radiological findings. The diagnosis still requires a high index of suspicion, once the suggestive features have been demonstrated by imaging modalities.

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Section: Ascitessupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Ascitessupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Tuberculous Peritonitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging of abdominal tuberculosis

2001

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“…On abdominal ultrasound examination, the most suggestive findings are multiple small (< 1 cm), round hypoechogenic images, which are frequently hypodense on abdominal CT [6,8,11,21,26,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. Splenomegaly [6,27,[51][52][53][54] is also seen, and it is considered to be the most common feature of splenic involvement [55]. However, some reports point out the possibility of presentation with uniloculated pseudotumoral macronodules [5,6,11,22,46,56,57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case report of lymph nodal, hepatic and splenic tuberculosis in an HIV-positive patient

Barone¹,

Kreuzig²,

Gusmao³

et al. 2006

Braz J Infect Dis

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We describe a case of a male patient, 38 years old, HIV-positive (most recent CD 4 count about 259/ mm 3 ), with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss, and vespertine high fever with chills. His hemogram showed normocytic and normochromic anemia, with a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and gross granulations in the neutrophils. Transaminases were normal. Bone marrow biopsy evidenced a chronic disease anemia pattern and a lack of infectious agents. Abdominal ultrasound examination showed a normal-size spleen, which exhibited heterogeneous parenchyma and multiple small hypoechoic images, together with small ascites, peripancreatic and para-aortic lymphadenopathy. These findings were confirmed by abdominal CT. The liver was normal in size, but had a hyperechoic image, which was not visualized on CT. Histopathological analysis of one of the multiple abdominal lymph nodes obtained by laparoscopic biopsy exhibited a chronic granulomatous inflammatory process, with caseous necrosis. Tissue sections were positive for BAAR (acid-alcohol-resistant bacillus), and the cultures were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antituberculosis treatment was begun, and the patient evolved with improvement of his general state, fever remission and weight gain. Splenic tuberculosis is a rare disease, occurring predominantly in patients in late stages of AIDS and/or disseminated tuberculosis. It is a difficult diagnosis, since there are no specific findings. Hence, complementary examinations, such as abdominal ultrasound/ CT, or fine needle aspiration, are usually necessary for investigation and differential diagnosis. Often, lesion regression after anti-tuberculosis regimens can be seen, and splenectomy is restricted to complicated or refractory disease.

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“…These include free or loculated intraabdominal fluid, intra-abdominal abscess formation, retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement, adnexal masses, endometrial involvement, adherent loops of bowel, and mesenteric and omental thickening. 7,8 None of the reported sonographic signs are diagnostic in isolation, but in the presence of clinical or microbiological suspicion, they may reduce the frequency of exploratory laparotomy. Ascitic fluid and sputum cultures yield positive results for mycobacterium in only 25% of tuberculosis cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%