Sonographic measurement of the fetal cerebellum, cisterna magna, and cavum septum pellucidum in normal fetuses in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy

Serhatlioğlu, Selami; Kocakoç, Ercan; Kiris, Adem; Sapmaz, Ekrem; Boztosun, Y; Bozgeyik, Zülkif

doi:10.1002/jcu.10163

Cited by 58 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The anterior and hippocampal commissures are not delineated because of their small size, and postnatal imaging is required for their identification [11]. The corpus callosum is seen as a T2-hypointense band-like structure in the midsagittal section from 18 weeks' gestational age onward, with improved visualization later in development because of increasing myelination.…”

Section: Normal Imaging Findings Of the Cavum Septum Pellucidum And Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absent cavum septum pellucidum: a review with emphasis on associated commissural abnormalities

et al. 2015

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The cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) is an important fetal midline forebrain landmark, and its absence often signifies additional underlying malformations. Frequently detected by prenatal sonography, absence of the CSP requires further imaging with pre- or postnatal MRI to characterize the accompanying abnormalities. This article reviews the developmental anatomy of the CSP and the pivotal role of commissurization in normal development. An understanding of the patterns of commissural abnormalities associated with absence of the CSP can lead to improved characterization of the underlying spectrum of pathology.

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Section: Normal Imaging Findings Of the Cavum Septum Pellucidum And Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absent cavum septum pellucidum: a review with emphasis on associated commissural abnormalities

et al. 2015

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“…CSP can be visualized by ultrasound at 16 weeks gestation and continues to expand throughout pregnancy to approximately 34 weeks, at which point the CSP begins to decline in size (Serhatlioglu et al, 2003), with 2/3 of CSP closed at birth, all part of normal development (Mott et al, 1992). Although a persistently large CSP can be normal (10.3%in (Kwon et al, 1998)), it is generally associated with a range of neuropsychiatric, anatomic, and genetic abnormalities (Serhatlioglu et al, 2003), including schizophrenia (0.15-58.8%) (Kwon et al, 1998;Nopoulos et al, 1997). Even within schizophrenics, however, the increased presence of CSP could be secondary to other developmental defects in other regions, including corpus callosum (Galarza et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI abnormalities of the hippocampus and cavum septi pellucidi in females with schizotypal personality disorder

Dickey

McCarley

et al. 2007

Schizophrenia Research

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Objective-This study examined MRI hippocampal volume and cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) in female subjects with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) and comparison subjects.Method-MRI was performed on 20 SPD and 29 comparison subjects with delineation of left and right hippocampi. Number of slices containing the CSP was counted. Subjects were given a working memory task, the Delayed Alternation task and other measures of working memory including the Wechsler Memory Test-Revised and the California Verbal Learning Test. Clinical measures were derived from the SCID-II.Results-SPD females evinced bilaterally smaller hippocampal volumes compared with nonpsychiatric female subjects (15.1% on left, 15.7% on right). Additionally, SPD subjects showed statistically significantly more slices containing CSP, and a trend level difference when large CSP was defined as four or more slices (20% vs. 6.9%). SPD subjects demonstrated more errors, more perseverations, and a trend toward more failure to maintain set on the Delayed Alternating task, which were associated with smaller left hippocampal volumes. There was no difference between groups in logical memory, verbal learning or semantic clustering nor a significant correlation between these measures and hippocampal volumes. Clinically, in SPD subjects, right hippocampal volumes correlated negatively with odd appearance/behavior and positively with suspiciousness/paranoia, and odd speech was positively correlated with the number of slices containing a CSP in exploratory analyses.Conclusions-Female SPD subjects showed bilaterally smaller hippocampal volumes and larger CSP than comparison subjects, similar to what has been shown in schizophrenia. Moreover, these abnormalities have clinically significant associations which may help to explain some of the manifestations of the disorder.

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“…The original definition of ECM in the fetal period as a diameter >10 mm is based on a small number of observations from 219 patients [3]; other studies have also evaluated relatively small numbers of patients [7], including studies that have evaluated the use of magnetic resonance imaging [8]. Prior evaluation of the CM through pregnancy has demonstrated an increase in the CM diameter with advancing gestation [9], therefore using a single value as a cut-off for determining enlargement might not be the most appropriate approach but in clinical practice the 10-mm cut-off remains the standard determinant of an enlarged CM at all gestations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reassessment of the Normal Fetal Cisterna Magna during Gestation and an Alternative Approach to the Definition of Cisterna Magna Dilatation

Brown¹

2013

Fetal Diagn Ther

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Introduction: Cisterna magna (CM) measurement constitutes part of the sonographic assessment of the posterior fossa. CM enlargement (ECM) is defined as a measurement exceeding 10 mm, although it has previously been noted that the CM varies in size with gestation. Existing data do not appear to reflect observations regarding CM biometry within our population and this study was therefore undertaken in order to re-evaluate CM biometry. Materials and Methods: Data from 4,750 normal pregnancies between 15 and 32 weeks of gestation were collected and used to construct a reference range for the CM. Results: Regression analysis was used to model CM across gestational age and thereby define the upper limits for normal CM measurements across gestation. The CM increases with gestation. These data suggest that a 10-mm cut-off underestimates ECM, notably in the gestational age period below 24 weeks, whilst overestimating isolated ECM beyond this. Differences in CM measurements between genders were confirmed (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Defining ECM based upon a cut-off of 10 mm across all gestations may be inappropriate given the variation observed with gestational age. More accurate identification of fetuses with, in particular, isolated ECM may facilitate more precise evaluation of the clinical significance of this finding.

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Sonographic measurement of the fetal cerebellum, cisterna magna, and cavum septum pellucidum in normal fetuses in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy

Cited by 58 publications

References 23 publications

Absent cavum septum pellucidum: a review with emphasis on associated commissural abnormalities

Absent cavum septum pellucidum: a review with emphasis on associated commissural abnormalities

MRI abnormalities of the hippocampus and cavum septi pellucidi in females with schizotypal personality disorder

Reassessment of the Normal Fetal Cisterna Magna during Gestation and an Alternative Approach to the Definition of Cisterna Magna Dilatation

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