Sonographic morphology and hyaluronan content of umbilical cords of healthy and down syndrome fetuses in early gestation

Raio, Luigi; Ghezzi, Fabio; Cromi, Antonella; Cereda, Emanuele; Passi, Alberto

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2003.11.007

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…4,11 In present study, 60% of babies in hypercoiled group had birth weight <2.5kgs and none from hypocoiled group had birth weight <2.5kgs, which was statistically significant (p value <0.001). Similar association between hypercoiling and low birth weight was seen in studies conducted by Rana J et al and Raio L et al 6,12 In present study percentage of NICU admission was more (40%) in both hypocoiled and hypercoiled groups as compared to normocoiled group. Dakshayini D et al also observed higher NICU admission in both hypocoiled and hypercoiled groups as compared to normocoiled group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Relationship of umbilical coiling index and perinatal outcome

Rahi

Akther

2017

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Background: In placental mammals, the umbilical cord is a conduit between the developing embryo or foetus and the placenta. Present work was done to study the association of umbilical coiling index and perinatal outcome.Methods: One hundred umbilical cords were examined. The umbilical coiling index was calculated, by dividing the total number of coils by the total length of the cord in centimetres. The umbilical coiling index <10th percentile and >90th percentile was considered as hypocoiled and hypercoiled, respectively. The outcomes measured in terms of birth weight, Apgar score, meconium staining, Intrauterine growth restriction, gestational age at birth and Neonatal intensive care unit admission.Results: The mean umbilical cord length was 51.2 cms, mean number of coils 10.8 and mean umbilical coiling index 0.2. 80 umbilical cords showed normocoiling, 10 hypercoiling and 10 had hypocoiling. Meconium stained liquor was present in 80%, 37.5% and 20% in hypocoiling, normocoiling and hypercoiling group, respectively, with p valve of <0.05. 40% of babies with hypocoiling cords had Apgar at 1 minute <4 and apgar score at 5 minutes <7. Intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight babies were significantly higher in hypercoiling group. Neonatal intensive care unit admission was higher (40%) in both hypocoiling and hypercoiling group as compared to normocoiling group (10%).Conclusions: Present study thus shows abnormal coiling index is associated with adverse perinatal outcome.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Relationship of umbilical coiling index and perinatal outcome

Rahi

Akther

2017

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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“…A correlation between fetal anthropometric variables and the umbilical cord morphometry during the entire gestational period was initially described by Raio et al [16] in 2004. Togni et al [17] reported that a statistically significant correlation was observed between the crosssectional areas of the cord components and fetal anthropometric parameters as well as gestational age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The finding might contradict the possibility that fetal rotation during later gestation is the cause of cord twisting. Raio et al [16] assessed umbilical cord sonographic morphology and morphometry at 10-15 weeks of gestation. They reported a significant negative correlation between the gestational age and UCI (r = -0.56, p !…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound Evaluation of the Amount of Wharton’s Jelly and the Umbilical Coiling Index

et al. 2009

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Objectives: To investigate the association between the amount of Wharton’s jelly (WJ) and the umbilical coiling index (UCI). Methods: The subjects included 140 pregnant women in the 2nd or 3rd trimester. The antenatal UCI was calculated as the reciprocal of the distance between a pair of coils. The sonographic cross-sectional areas of the cord, arteries and vein were measured. The WJ area was calculated by subtracting areas of the total vessels from the cord. Results: UCIs were significantly smaller and WJ areas were significantly greater in the 3rd trimester than in the 2nd trimester. No correlations were observed between the UCI and WJ area in both trimesters. Conclusion: There is a reduction of the UCI during pregnancy. No direct correlations were found between the amount of WJ and UCI.

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“…Ghezzi found, that in contrast to single umbilical cord cysts, multiple umbilical cord cysts are associated with an increased risk of miscarriage and aneuploidy. Raio et al [18] examined the umbilical coiling index and the umbilical coiling angle in euploid and trisomy 21 fetuses. They found a higher proportion of uncoiled umbilical cords in Down syndrome fetuses and a different distribution and a higher amount of hyaluronan in trisomy 21 umbilical cords.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beside the assessment of UCD during fi rst trimester ultrasound, other sonographic umbilical cord features have been recently described as possible markers of poor pregnancy outcome [17][18][19] . Ghezzi found, that in contrast to single umbilical cord cysts, multiple umbilical cord cysts are associated with an increased risk of miscarriage and aneuploidy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Umbilical Cord Diameter at 11–14 Weeks of Gestation: Relationship to Nuchal Translucency, Ductus Venous Blood Flow and Chromosomal Defects

Axt-Fliedner¹,

Schwarze²,

Kreiselmaier³

et al. 2006

Fetal Diagn Ther

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Objective: To compare the umbilical cord diameter (UCD) in euploid and aneuploid fetuses at 11–14 weeks of gestation. Methods:In 299 fetuses at 11–14 weeks of gestation the UCD, the nuchal translucency and the a-wave of the ductus venosus were measured. Reference ranges for the UCD according to the gestational age and to the crown-rump-length (CRL) were obtained by measuring the UCD by outer-to-outer border of 244 singleton pregnancies with normal karyotype. The fetal karyotype was established by chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis or in case of suspected chromosomal abnormalities in the newborn. Linear regression was used to determine the significance of the association between the UCD and CRL or gestational age. Results: Two hundred and ninety-nine fetuses were examined. The median fetal CRL was 64.5 mm (range 45–84) and the median gestational age was 13 (range 11–14) weeks. In the chromosomally normal group the UCD significantly increased with the CRL (r = 0.620; p < 0.001) and the gestational age (r = 0.555; p < 0.001). The regression equation for the mean UCD (y) according to the gestational days (x) was: y = –0.604 + 0.051 *x. The regression equation for the mean UCD (y) according to the CRL (x) was: y = 1.962 + 0.029 *x. There were no significant differences in the mean UCD in fetuses without and with chromosomal abnormalities. The proportion of fetuses with an UCD above the 95th centile for CRL was higher in aneuploid compared to euploid fetuses (5/14 vs. 13/285, p < 0.005). In 5/14 (35.7%) fetuses with chromosomal defects the NT and the UCD were above the 95th centile, whereas none of the fetuses with normal karyotype showed this combination. The proportion of fetuses with increased UCD and abnormal DV blood flow was increased in the cases with chromosomal abnormalities (33.3 vs. 1.8%, p < 0.005). Conclusion: Umbilical cord diameter at 11–14 weeks increases with fetal CRL. Fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities are more likely to have an UCD above the 95th centile. Therefore, sonographic evaluation of the umbilical cord during first trimester ultrasound might be of additional value in the assessment of fetuses at risk for aneuploidies.

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Sonographic morphology and hyaluronan content of umbilical cords of healthy and down syndrome fetuses in early gestation

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Relationship of umbilical coiling index and perinatal outcome

Relationship of umbilical coiling index and perinatal outcome

Ultrasound Evaluation of the Amount of Wharton’s Jelly and the Umbilical Coiling Index

Umbilical Cord Diameter at 11–14 Weeks of Gestation: Relationship to Nuchal Translucency, Ductus Venous Blood Flow and Chromosomal Defects

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