Sonographic subcutaneous and visceral fat indices represent the distribution of body fat volume

Koda, Masahiko; Senda, Miho; Kamba, Masayuki; Kimura, Koji; Murawaki, Yoshikazu

doi:10.1007/s00261-006-9082-3

Cited by 55 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A visceral fat area >100 cm² at the umbilical level is considered to be a risk factor for cardiac disorders, diabetes mellitus and various types of cancer, and is defined as 'visceral obesity' (29). However, among overweight and obese women, only 66% possess a visceral fat area >100 cm² (30). Notably, the prevalence of complications is increased in patients with a visceral fat area >100 cm², even if these patients are not obese (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thickness of preperitoneal fat as a predictor of malignancy in overweight and obese women with endometrial polyps

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between the thickness of preperitoneal fat (PFT), utilized as an indicator of visceral fat deposition, and the risk of premalignant and malignant changes of endometrial polyps (EPs) in overweight and obese women. Overweight and obese women who had undergone diagnostic outpatient hysteroscopy and subsequent endometrial polypectomy between January 2010 and May 2013 were analyzed. Each patient underwent a transabdominal ultrasound for the purpose of measuring the thickness of preperitoneal fat. A total of 146 overweight or obese women were analyzed. The overall incidence of malignant or premalignant lesions was 8.2%. Notably, 5 patients (3.4%) received a histopathological diagnosis of complex hyperplasia with atypia, while polyps harboring carcinoma were diagnosed in 7 cases (4.8%). A significantly increased PFT was observed in women exhibiting preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions, compared with women with benign EPs (mean ± SD, 23.2±3.7 vs. 15.9±8.3; P<0.01). Patient age of >60 years was significantly associated with malignant progression of EPs, while body mass index, menopausal status, arterial hypertension, diabetes, abnormal uterine bleeding, hormone replacement therapy and tamoxifen treatment demonstrated no significant association with the development of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the endometrium. In a multivariate analysis, only PFT maintained a significant correlation with the diagnosis of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions on EPs (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.26). Ultrasound evaluation of PFT in overweight and obese women may be useful for the identification of a particularly high-risk subgroup of women. Therefore, regardless of symptoms or additional clinical variables, these particularly high-risk women require appropriate counseling and prompt surgical removal of EPs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thickness of preperitoneal fat as a predictor of malignancy in overweight and obese women with endometrial polyps

et al. 2016

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“…Insert Figure 3 given by Ross and Janssen [49] and comparative studies of MRI and US for visceral and subcutaneous fat evaluation were published by Koda et al [50] .…”

Section: Ultrasound (Us)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of Body Composition Assessment in Sport

et al. 2012

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Dette er siste tekst-versjon av artikkelen, og den kan inneholde små forskjeller fra forlagets pdf-versjon. Forlagets pdf-versjon finner du på link.springer.com: http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11597140-000000000-00000 This is the final text version of the article, and it may contain minor differences from the journal's pdf version. The original publication is available at link.springer.com: http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11597140-000000000-00000 . Figure 3. Semi-automatic image evaluation: The edge detection algorithm for subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness determination enables selecting areas of interest, distances (d US ) measurement series, color-coding of distance values, and statistical evaluations [48] . In this example of a SAT-layer above the triceps muscle, with the transducer held parallel to the humerus, 119 d US values ranging from 2.3 mm to 4.3 mm were automatically detected by the algorithm; the median was 3.4 mm (c = 1470 m/s). Layers and interfaces: A: gel, B: gel-epidermis, C: dermis, D: dermis-SAT, E: SAT, F: SAT-fascia of muscle, G: muscle. [77] . Abbreviations: mid dist = middle distance track runners; long dist = long distance runners; Scot long dist = Scottish long distance runners; SASI mid dist = South Australian Sports Institute middle distance track runners; SASI sprint = sprint runners; SASI jump = jumpers. Figure 6. Selected skinfold ratios in extremely lean male and female endurance athletes, and mean values from 106 male and 33 female athletes [80] . 4 ABSTRACTQuantifying human body composition has played an important role in monitoring all athlete performance and training regimens, but especially so in gravitational, weight class and aesthetic sports wherein the tissue composition of the body profoundly affects performance or adjudication. Over the past century, a myriad of techniques and equations have been proposed, but all have some inherent problems, whether in measurement methodology or in the assumptions they make. To date, there is no universally applicable criterion or "gold standard" methodology for body composition assessment.Having considered issues of accuracy, repeatability and utility, the multi-component model might be employed as a performance or selection criterion, provided the selected model accounts for variability in the density of FFM in its computation. However, when profiling change in interventions, single methods whose raw data are surrogates for body composition (with the notable exception of the BMI) remain useful.

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“…17 The thickness of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was defined as the thickness of fat tissue between the posterior edge of the abdominal muscles and the lumbar spine, and the thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was defined as the thickness of fat tissue between the skin-fat interface and the linea alba. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was suspected in the presence of ultrasonography-detected hepatic steatosis.…”

Section: Ultrasonographic Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Cardiovascular Risk in Overweight Preschool Children

Shashaj

Bedogni

Graziani³

et al. 2014

JAMA Pediatr

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IMPORTANCETo date, the relationship among adiposity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk factors at the onset of overweight or obesity has been unexplored.OBJECTIVES To assess whether insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities are detectable at the onset of obesity and to unravel the interplay among adiposity, insulin resistance, and other such abnormalities. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThe Origin of Cardiovascular Risk in Overweight Preschool Children cohort study aimed to evaluate at the onset of obesity in preschool children the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired carbohydrate metabolism, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Between July 1, 2011, and July 30, 2012, in the Rome municipality, 13 family pediatricians enrolled healthy children (age range, 2.0-5.8 years) in the study during their routine practice of growth monitoring. Clinical medical records of 5729 children were reviewed; 597 children manifested new-onset overweight or obesity as their body mass index changed from normal weight to overweight or obesity in the previous 12 months according to the International Obesity Task Force classification. Of them, 219 were studied. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESPatients with new-onset overweight or obesity underwent clinical laboratory testing, including oral glucose tolerance test, and ultrasonographic investigations of fatty liver and intimal medial thickness of the common carotid arteries, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and visceral adipose tissue. The homeostatic assessment model algorithm-insulin resistance was calculated. RESULTS Among the entire population (n = 5729), overweight increased from 7.0% at 2.0 years to 16.9% at 5.8 years, with corresponding figures of 1.1% to 2.9% for obesity. In total, 597 overweight or obese children (10.4%) were identified, and 219 of them (36.7%) were studied. Among the latter, 86 patients (39.3%) had at least 1 metabolic abnormality. Hypertension was diagnosed in 29 patients (13.2%), dyslipidemia in 55 patients (25.1%), impaired fasting glucose level in 7 patients (3.2%), and glucose intolerance in 6 patients (2.7%). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was diagnosed in 68 patients (31.1%).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Cardiometabolic risk factors, including fatty liver, are detectable in preschoolers at the onset of overweight or obesity, despite short-term exposure to excess weight and reduced insulin sensitivity. Our findings suggest the need to screen for cardiometabolic abnormalities at an earlier age than is now recommended.

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Sonographic subcutaneous and visceral fat indices represent the distribution of body fat volume

Abstract: Sonographic subcutaneous or visceral fat index could be an easily measured and inexpensive indicator for the assessment of fat distribution instead of CT or MR imaging.

Cited by 55 publications

References 18 publications

Thickness of preperitoneal fat as a predictor of malignancy in overweight and obese women with endometrial polyps

Thickness of preperitoneal fat as a predictor of malignancy in overweight and obese women with endometrial polyps

Current Status of Body Composition Assessment in Sport

Origin of Cardiovascular Risk in Overweight Preschool Children

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