Sonographische Verlaufsbeobachtungen von Bauchaortenaneurysmen

Kremer, H; Weigold, B; Dobrinski, W.; Schreiber, M. A.; Zöllner, N.

doi:10.1007/bf01782469

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The ultrasonographic appearance of bile duct carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular adenoma have been described in cattle [28]. The ultrasonographic features of hepatic tumors essentially reflect changes in the shape and texture of the liver and displacement of vessels and bile ducts [29]. The neoplastic changes may appear homogeneous or heterogeneous [28].…”

Section: Hepatic Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diffuse hepatic damage is often observed on ultrasonograms, but its ultrasonographic features are not very specific [29]. Thus, a liver biopsy sample is usually obtained to aid in the diagnosis.…”

Section: Diffuse Hepatic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Often only large vessels are seen; small vessels may be poorly imaged or not be seen at all. This is because the small vessels are compressed by swollen hepatic tissue [29]. In addition, in the hyperechogenic areas of the diseased liver there is an increase in scattered echoes.…”

Section: Fatty Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonography of the Liver in Cattle

Braun

2009

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

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Hepatic diseases are of great importance in cattle. Fascioliasis, hepatic abscesses, hepatic neoplasia, metabolic disturbances (eg, fatty liver disease) and diseases of major vessels (eg, thrombosis of the caudal vena cava) caused by hepatic abscesses that have broken into the vein are some examples. Until recently, diagnosis of many hepatic diseases was difficult because signs may be nonspecific. In many cases, diagnostic methods such as hepatospecific enzyme tests are insufficient. A complete ultrasonographic examination of the liver should give detailed information about the size, position, and ultrasonographic parenchymal pattern of the liver, the size and position of the gallbladder and the intraand extrahepatic bile ducts, and the topography of the major vessels. Ultrasound-guided collection of hepatic biopsy samples, centesis and aspiration of abscesses, and cholecystocentesis and aspiration of bile samples (for examination for fluke eggs and determination of bile acids concentration) can be performed safely. In the first part of this article, the methods of ultrasonographic examination of the liver and the ultrasonographic appearance of the normal liver are discussed, followed in the second part by a description of specific liver diseases.Ultrasonography of the liver in cattle into a vessel, echogenic thrombi may be seen. In cases with diffuse fatty liver disease, the number and intensity of the internal echoes increases as the severity of the disease increases.In advanced stages of the disease, the liver appears white on ultrasonograms and is difficult to differentiate from surrounding tissue. Calcified bile ducts, caused by chronic fascioliasis, result in discrete sonographic changes in the liver parenchyma. They are intensely hyperechogenic and accompanied by an acoustic shadow distally. In cross section, calcified bile ducts appear as ring-like and in longitudinal section, tube-like hyperechogenic structures.Obstructive cholestasis can almost always be diagnosed on the basis of the observation of dilated bile ducts. A proximal obstruction, which occurs in the area of the hepatic hilus, can 3 be differentiated from a distal obstruction, which occurs in the region of the duodenal papilla.With a proximal obstruction, only the intrahepatic bile ducts are dilated. With a distal obstruction, there is dilatation of the common bile duct and the gallbladder, which may be associated with dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. In cows with congestion of the caudal vena cava, the caudal vena cava loses its normal triangular shape and becomes round to oval on ultrasonograms. At the same time, the diameter of the vein increases. Ultrasonography is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of liver disease. Discrete or diffuse lesions can be imaged, aspirated and biopsied under visual guidance. However, ultrasonography cannot be used to evaluate liver regions obscured by the lungs.

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Section: Hepatic Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diffuse Hepatic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonography of the Liver in Cattle

Braun

2009

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

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“…While the immediate risk associated with a small asymptomatic AAA is quite low, the natural history of these lesions is one of gradual expansion over a period of years. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] If undetected and unrepaired, a substantial number of AAAs will eventually spontaneously rupture.…”

Section: Clinical Significance Of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, based on current evidence, the average rate of aneurysm expansion is expected to be about 0.5 cm per year. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] A small AAA measuring 3.0 cm diameter is thereby predicted to require surgical repair, upon reaching a size of 5.0 cm, approximately 48 months after its initial detection (FIG. 4A).…”

Section: Prospects For a Randomized Clinical Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

MMP Inhibition in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Rationale for a Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial

Thompson

Baxter

1999

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

170

100

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Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) represent a chronic degenerative condition associated with a life-threatening risk of rupture. The evolution of AAAs is thought to involve the progressive degradation of aortic wall elastin and collagen, and increased local production of several matrix metallo-proteinases (MMPs) has been implicated in this process. We have previously shown that tetracycline derivatives and other MMP inhibitors suppress aneurysm development in experimental animal models of AAA. Doxycycline also reduces the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by human vascular wall cell types and by AAA tissue explants in vitro. To determine whether this strategy might have a role in the clinical management of small AAA, we examined the effect of doxycycline on aortic wall MMP expression in vivo. Patients were treated with doxycycline (100 mg p.o. bid) for 7 days prior to elective AAA repair, and aneurysm tissues were obtained at the time of surgery (n = 5). Tissues obtained from an equal number of untreated patients with AAA were used for comparison. By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were both found to be abundantly expressed in the aneurysm wall. Preoperative treatment with doxycycline was associated with a 3-fold reduction in aortic wall expression of MMP-2 and a 4-fold reduction in MMP-9 (p < 0.05 compared to untreated AAA). These preliminary results suggest that even short-term treatment with doxycycline can suppress MMP expression within human AAA tissues. Given its pleiotropic effects as an MMP inhibitor, doxycycline may be particularly effective in suppressing aortic wall connective tissue degradation. While it remains to be determined whether MMP inhibition will have a clinically significant impact on aneurysm expansion, it is expected that this question can be resolved by a properly designed prospective randomized clinical trial.

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Management of Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Katz

Littenberg²,

Cronenwett³

1992

JAMA

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In the majority of scenarios that we examined, early surgery is preferred to watchful waiting for patients with AAAs less than 5 cm in diameter. Watchful waiting is generally favored, however, for patients with a low risk of AAA rupture or acute expansion, including those patients who present with very small AAAs (eg, < 4 cm). More accurate data concerning the rupture risk of AAAs less than 5 cm would improve clinical decision making.

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Sonographische Verlaufsbeobachtungen von Bauchaortenaneurysmen

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Ultrasonography of the Liver in Cattle

Ultrasonography of the Liver in Cattle

MMP Inhibition in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Rationale for a Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial

Management of Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

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