Sonography of the penis/erectile dysfunction

Bertolotto, Michele; Campo, Irene; Sachs, Camilla; Ciabattoni, Riccardo; Bucci, Stefano; Cova, Maria Assunta; Nieuwenhove, Sandy Van

doi:10.1007/s00261-020-02529-z

Cited by 12 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Echogenes Material kann die A. penis profunda auslöschen. Die Doppler-Untersuchung zeigt fehlenden Fluss in den A. penis profunda oder einen Fluss mit niedriger Geschwindigkeit und hohem Widerstand 5 . Nach dem distalen Shunt-Verfahren ist die Unterbrechung der Tunica albuginea an der Spitze der Corpora im Graustufen-US sichtbar, und die im Schwellkörpergewebe entstandene Wunde ist als echofreie tubuläre Struktur mit unregelmäßigen Rändern zu erkennen, die sich in die Corpora erstreckt 19 .…”

Section: Low-flow (Ischämischer) Priapismusunclassified

Penile Ultrasound: An Essential Tool in an Emergency Setting (Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Diseases)

et al. 2022

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Penile conditions requiring urgent care are uncommon and result from trauma and a variety of non-traumatic causes. Some cases could rapidly evolve into an emergency situation and require prompt treatment to prevent severe complications. Therefore, correct and rapid diagnosis is fundamental. Although clinical history and physical examination are essential, diagnostic imaging is usually required to confirm the clinical diagnosis. In this setting, the sonologist in the emergency department has to be familiar with the basic US penile anatomy and with the most common US findings in urgent penile care. US is the key imaging method because it is readily available, safe, cost-effective, and well-tolerated by the patient. US can differentiate intracavernosal from extracavernosal hematomas and detect rupture of the tunica albuginea, consistent with penile fracture, that requires early surgical exploration. Color Doppler evaluation and spectral analysis are necessary to depict vascular abnormalities.

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Section: Low-flow (Ischämischer) Priapismusunclassified

Penile Ultrasound: An Essential Tool in an Emergency Setting (Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Diseases)

et al. 2022

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“…2 In clinical practice, ultrasonography and computed tomography could be used to evaluate the cavernous septum' condition of patients who do not respond to orally active agents. 3,4 Imaging, especially non-destructive, is needed in pre-clinical trials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While in mild stages, non‐invasive treatment could be effective, whereas only surgical treatment is required in complicated cases 2 . In clinical practice, ultrasonography and computed tomography could be used to evaluate the cavernous septum' condition of patients who do not respond to orally active agents 3,4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X‐ray micro‐computed tomography in the assessment of penile cavernous fibrosis in a rabbit castration model

et al. 2021

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Background: Current assessment methods of penile cavernous fibrosis in animal models have limitations due to the inability to provide complex and volume analysis of fibrotic alterations. Objective:The aim was to evaluate micro-computed tomography for assessment of cavernous fibrosis and compare it with histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and RT-PCR analysis. Materials and methods:A controlled trial was performed involving 25 New Zealand male rabbits with induced testosterone deficiency by orchidectomy. Penile samples were obtained before and after 7, 14, 21, and 84 days from orchidectomy. We consistently performed (a) gray value analysis of corpora cavernosa 3D models reconstructed after micro-computed tomography, (b) morphometry of smooth muscles/connective tissue ratio, collagen type I/III ratio, and area of TGF-beta-1 expression in corpora cavernosa, and (c) RT-PCR of TGF-beta-1 expression.Results: Micro-computed tomography allowed visualization of penile structures at a resolution comparable to light microscopy. Gray values of corpora cavernosa decreased from 1673 (1512-1773) on the initial day to 1184 (1089-1232) on the 21st day (p < 0.005). However, on the 84th day, it increased to 1610 (1551-1768). On 21st and 84th days, there was observed a significant decrease in smooth muscle/connective tissue ratio and a significant increase in collagen type I/III ratio (p < 0.05). TGF-beta1 expression increased on the 84th day according to immunohistochemistry (p < 0.005).RT-PCR was impossible to conduct due to the absence of RNA in obtained samples after micro-CT.Discussion and conclusions: Micro-computed tomography provided 3D visualization of entire corpora cavernosa and assessment of radiodensity alterations by gray value

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“…In most cases, histopathological analysis of penile bioptates is not suitable as it brings additional damage for penile tissue of patients and can induce secondary structure alterations [3]. For this purpose, physicians can use a wide range of other non-invasive diagnostic methods including ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance and computer tomography (CT) [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This contributes to an inability to assess multiple structural alterations of penile tissues at once, such as the topical occurrence of fibrosis throughout corpora cavernosa in organic erectile dysfunction [7,8], length of urethral constriction in urethral strictures [9] and tumor progression in penile cancer [3]. So, at the moment we cannot fully extrapolate results of animal model studies into clinical reality, as we cannot compare two-dimensional data of histological assessment of modelled penile disease progression of laboratory animal with results of three-dimensional (3D) visualization of human penile structures by aforementioned diagnostic methods [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualisation of penile structures of laboratory rabbit: ultrasound, histology, and micro-CT

et al. 2020

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Current imaging methods in pre-clinical and animal model studies of penile disease are limited because of the small penis of a rat – standard laboratory animal used in this type of research. Routine visualization methods of surface and inner structures of the penis used in clinical medicine are not suitable in experimental animal researches. The only method available for these purposes is histopathological analysis, which does not provide complex view on penile structures due to two-dimensional imaging per slide. In the pre study we evaluated and compared capability of ultrasound, histopathological and micro-computed tomography imaging methods to visualize anatomical structures of laboratory rabbit penis. Ultrasound provides limited imaging in comparison with other methods. However, it could be useful in assessment rough structural alterations of tunica albuginea and corpora cavernosa as a secondary and supportive method. Micro computed tomography provides nearly the same image quality as histopathological analysis. Moreover, it gives a complex view on the whole penile sample due to three-dimensional reconstruction. This fact gives reason to use this method as a basic one in the pre-clinical trials and animal model studies.

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Sonography of the penis/erectile dysfunction

Cited by 12 publications

References 65 publications

Penile Ultrasound: An Essential Tool in an Emergency Setting (Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Diseases)

Penile Ultrasound: An Essential Tool in an Emergency Setting (Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Diseases)

X‐ray micro‐computed tomography in the assessment of penile cavernous fibrosis in a rabbit castration model

Visualisation of penile structures of laboratory rabbit: ultrasound, histology, and micro-CT

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