INTRODUCTIONEvaluating the uterus is an inseparable part of routine infertility research. During the evaluation of the uterus through transvaginal ultrasound (TvUSG), endometrial imaging using contrast media has been used in clinical practice. This method is less invasive and cheaper than hysterosalpingography (HSG) and hysteroscopy (H/S). Saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS) comprises transcervical infusion of a sterile saline solution to the endometrial lumen during TvUSG. Saline expands the uterine cavity and forms a perfect contrast in defining the echogenic endometrium because it is anechoic. This technique was first described 27 years ago (1). Its high sensitivity and efficiency in detecting endometrial polyps, submucosal fibroids (myoma), synechiae, and uterine abnormalities have been proved in some studies (2, 3). In recent meta-analysis, SIS was compared with hysterectomy, H/S, and histological sampling, which are the gold standard diagnostic methods. It was found that SIS is easily applicable and has high accuracy in diagnosing abnormal uterine bleeding (4). In addition, SIS is less invasive and less expensive than HSG and H/S. In this study, we evaluated the uterus through SIS as part of routine infertility research. We planned a prospective study for this purpose. We investigated whether SIS could be used as a part of infertility research.
METHODSSaline infusion sonohysterography was performed in 102 infertile women in our center for infertility research. Patients were informed about the procedure, and their written informed consent was obtained. After SIS, they were referred to the relevant departments for additional diagnostic and therapeutic procedures (laparoscopy or H/S) when required. Data were prospectively collected. The results that we obtained were compared with a large patient cohort where only HSG and TvUSG were used for uterine evaluation.Women with regular menstrual cycles were examined in the follicular phase of their cycles. First, two-dimensional TvUSG was routinely performed. Then, SIS was performed. A 5-MHz frequency vaginal probe (Toshiba justvision 400, Tokyo, Japan) was used in both procedures. The cervix was reached with a standard bivalve disposable vaginal speculum. The cervix was wiped with povidone-iodine. Then, an 8-F balloon-tipped catheter was driven up to the back of the os through the cervical canal and placed. The balloon was inflated with 1 cc of saline. Then, the catheter was brought into the proper position by gentle pulling. After removing the speculum, the vaginal probe was placed again. The endometrial lumen was expanded by slowly injecting 20-50 mL of saline along with TvUSG. Images were taken in the midsagittal section. At the end of the process, the balloon was emptied Methods: One hundred and two infertile patients who were referred to Süleymaniye Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital because of infertility underwent saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS) at our clinic. The cases were informed about the procedure, and consent forms were obtained. Data was c...