Soot formation in high-pressure combustion: Status and challenges

Chu, Huaqiang; Qi, Jiawei; Feng, Shunjie; Dong, Wei; Hong, Run; Qiu, Bingbing; Han, Shichang

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128236

Cited by 41 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…While conditions can vary significantly depending on the engine, soot in an aircraft combustor experiences both high temperature and pressure. In addition, pressures are increased at high thrust which has been correlated with increased soot concentration and size (Chu et al, 2023). Higher pressures improve the efficiency of engines and so as engine materials have been improved to withstand higher pressures, the pressure ratios in engines have also increased.…”

Section: Formation and Dynamics Of Aircraft Sootmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trivanovic

2024

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Section: Formation and Dynamics Of Aircraft Sootmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trivanovic

2024

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Section: Formation and Dynamics Of Aircraft Sootmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opinion: Eliminating aircraft soot emissions

Trivanovic,

Pratsinis

2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Soot from aircraft engines deteriorates air quality around airports and can contribute to climate change primarily by influencing cloud processes and contrail formation. Simultaneously, aircraft engines emit CO2, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and other pollutants which also negatively affect human health and the environment. While urgent action is needed to reduce all pollutants, strategies to reduce one pollutant may increase another, calling for a need to decrease, for example, the uncertainty associated with soot’s contribution to net Radiative Forcing (RF) in order to design targeted policies that minimize the formation and release of all pollutants. Aircraft soot is characterized by rather small median mobility diameters, dm = 8 – 60 nm, and at high thrust, low (< 25 %) organic carbon to total carbon (OC/TC) ratios while at low thrust the OC/TC can be quite high. Computational models could aid in the design of new aircraft combustors to reduce emissions, but current models struggle to capture the soot dm, and volume fraction, fv measured experimentally. This may be in part due to oversimplification of soot’s irregular morphology in models and a still poor understanding of soot inception. Nonetheless, combustor design can significantly reduce soot emissions through extensive oxidation or near-premixed, lean combustion. For example, lean premixed prevaporized combustors significantly reduce emissions at high thrust by allowing injected fuel to fully vaporize before ignition while low temperatures from very lean jet fuel combustion limit the formation of NOx. Alternative fuels can be used alongside improved combustor technologies to reduce soot emissions. However, current policies and low supply promote the blending of alternative fuels at low ratios (~1 %) for all flights, rather than using high ratios (> 30 %) in a few flights which could meaningfully reduce soot emissions. Here, existing technologies for reducing such emissions through combustor and fuel design will be reviewed to identify strategies that eliminate them.

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“…In recent years, climate change has been a global problem faced by mankind. Deep understanding of the various mechanisms and interactions that exist in actual combustion or heating processes is crucial to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutralization, improving energy efficiency and reducing pollutant emissions. − Nitrogen oxides (NO x ) are a prevalent form of atmospheric pollution with NO emissions accounting for 90–95% of total NO x. Various technologies have been developed to mitigate NO x emissions, including the low-NO x combustion (LNC), selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR), and selective catalytic reduction (SCR), which are commonly used strategies in stationary source pollution control .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution Combustion Synthesis of a Y_0.87Ba_0.1Zr_0.03O_1.465 Catalyst for Highly Efficient NO Direct Decomposition at High Temperatures

Jia,

Deng,

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Soot formation in high-pressure combustion: Status and challenges

Cited by 41 publications

References 90 publications

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Opinion: Eliminating aircraft soot emissions

Solution Combustion Synthesis of a Y_0.87Ba_0.1Zr_0.03O_1.465 Catalyst for Highly Efficient NO Direct Decomposition at High Temperatures

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Soot formation in high-pressure combustion: Status and challenges

Cited by 41 publications

References 90 publications

Reply on RC1

Reply on RC1

Opinion: Eliminating aircraft soot emissions

Solution Combustion Synthesis of a Y0.87Ba0.1Zr0.03O1.465 Catalyst for Highly Efficient NO Direct Decomposition at High Temperatures

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Solution Combustion Synthesis of a Y_0.87Ba_0.1Zr_0.03O_1.465 Catalyst for Highly Efficient NO Direct Decomposition at High Temperatures