Sooting characteristics of hydrocarbon compounds and their blends relevant to aviation fuel applications

Threshold Sooting Index of Sustainable Aviation Fuel Candidates from Composition Input Alone: Progress toward Uncertainty Quantification

“…Nonetheless, Olson et al showed a good correlation ( R 2 = 0.94) between their measured TSIs of 28 compounds and those reported by Calcote and Manos, who had compiled TSI data from six different sources, most extensively the data from Hunt . Hui et al used a wick-fed lamp that conformed to ASTM D1322 and followed the methodology described by Olson et al to define the smoke point.…”

“…Nonetheless, Olson et al showed a good correlation (R 2 = 0.94) between their measured TSIs of 28 compounds and those reported by Calcote and Manos, 11 who had compiled TSI data from six different sources, most extensively the data from Hunt. 23 Hui et al 29 used a wick-fed lamp that conformed to ASTM D1322 and followed the methodology described by Olson et al 12 to define the smoke point. This work measured smoke points for eight neat molecules, seven binary mixtures of varying composition, a six-component surrogate fuel, three conventional jet fuels, and three complex mixtures under consideration as sustainable aviation fuel.…”

“…The datasets from this work and those from Mensch et al meet these criteria and can be compared directly, while the dataset from Hui et al technically does not meet these criteria. However, in the case of Hui et al, the recorded TSIs of pure iso-octane and pure toluene were within the range created by the other datasets.…”

“…In our opinion, the primary issue with eq is not with its neglect of potential differences between the vapor and liquid phase mole fraction or possibly synergistic combustion kinetics , but rather with the dearth of benchmark quality data for pure components, whether directly measured or derived from regression of mixtures (virtual). Among the datasets that have been published to date, those from refs , , , , and − , representing a total of 112 hydrocarbons, have been considered therein. Some of these hydrocarbons are not liquids at standard temperature and pressure, some have wicking rates that are lower than their fuel consumption rate, and some are alkenes or alkynes, which are of little interest to the focus of this group (aviation fuels).…”

“…Thirty-nine molecules with trusted smoke point data are saturated hydrocarbons, and 26 are alkylated aromatics. Of these 65 data points, 59 can be stitched together by using the TSI, eq as a tool to normalize data from this work, and four published datasets ,,, into a common basis. Just 25 of these molecules are included within our internal database of 1124 molecules, a subset of the NIST database, which are to be considered the blendstock for sustainable aviation fuel .…”