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Sorbic acid, ie, trans , trans ‐2,4‐hexadienoic acid, and its derivatives are commonly used as antimicrobials for food, pharmaceuticals, animal feeds, cosmetics, and industrial uses. Sorbic acid is a white crystalline solid having low water solubility but greater solubility in fats and alcohol. Potassium sorbate has greater water solubility than sorbic acid and is available as white granules or powder. Because the sorbic acid molecule contains two double bonds, oxidation occurs in the presence of molecular oxygen or peroxide compounds. Other reactions related to the chemical properties are also described. Sorbic acid can be found naturally in the oil of the ripened rowan berry. Commercially available sorbates are typically manufactured by the reaction of crotonaldehyde with a ketene to form an intermediate, which is further processed and purified. Purified forms include food and drug grades conforming to the specifications of the Food Chemicals Codex and the National Formulary . Analytical methods to quantify sorbates include titration, gas chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. Sorbic acid is metabolized to carbon dioxide and water in the same way as other food fatty acids and has low toxicity. For most food products in the United States, there are no maximum usage levels for sorbates.
Sorbic acid, ie, trans , trans ‐2,4‐hexadienoic acid, and its derivatives are commonly used as antimicrobials for food, pharmaceuticals, animal feeds, cosmetics, and industrial uses. Sorbic acid is a white crystalline solid having low water solubility but greater solubility in fats and alcohol. Potassium sorbate has greater water solubility than sorbic acid and is available as white granules or powder. Because the sorbic acid molecule contains two double bonds, oxidation occurs in the presence of molecular oxygen or peroxide compounds. Other reactions related to the chemical properties are also described. Sorbic acid can be found naturally in the oil of the ripened rowan berry. Commercially available sorbates are typically manufactured by the reaction of crotonaldehyde with a ketene to form an intermediate, which is further processed and purified. Purified forms include food and drug grades conforming to the specifications of the Food Chemicals Codex and the National Formulary . Analytical methods to quantify sorbates include titration, gas chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. Sorbic acid is metabolized to carbon dioxide and water in the same way as other food fatty acids and has low toxicity. For most food products in the United States, there are no maximum usage levels for sorbates.
The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical Properties 3. Chemical Properties and Derivatives 4. Production 5. Environmental Protection 6. Quality Specifications 7. Analysis 8. Storage and Transportation 9. Legal Aspects 10. Mode of Action and Uses 11. Economic Aspects 12. Toxicology
Die Sorbinsaure entfaltet nach den vorliegenden Erfahrungen eine antimikrobielle Wirksamkeit, die sich vor allem bei den katalase-positiven Actinomyceten, Bakterien, Schimmelpilzen und Hefen manifestiert, wohingegen katalase-negative Keime auch in Gegenwart relativ groI3er Mengen an dieser Saure wenig oder nicht beeintrachtigt werden. Damit ist die Moglichkeit gegeben, bei bakteriellen Garprozessen (Gurkenfermentation, Herstellung von Sauerkraut, Mixed Pickles) das Aufkommen unerwunschter Kahmhefen usw. zu unterdrucken, ohne die zur Garung erforderlichen Bakterien zu beeinfl~ssenl-~.Als weitere charakteristische Eigenschaften der Sorbinsaure sind hier besonders zu nennen ihr angenehm sauerlicher Geschmack sowie ihre weitgehend physiologischchemische Unbedenklichkeit, gemessen an sonstigen der gebrauchlichen Konservierungsmittel, z. B. der Benzoesaure. Im Tierversuch werden im Futter bis zu 5% der Saure, bezogen auf die Trockensubstanz, ohne Schaden vertragen ; die letale Dosis 50 (DL 50) betragt bei Ratten fur die Sorbinsaure 103 g/I kg Korpergewicht, fur Natriumsorbinat 4,o-6,2 g/I kg, fur Natriumbenzoat dagegen I,7-3,7 g/I kg. Nach den Ergebnissen diesbezuglicher Versuche wird die Sorbinsaure im Intermediarstoffwechsel in ahnlicher Weise wie die Capronsaure metabolisiertgl*.
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