Sorbitol and sucrose partitioning in the growing apple fruit

Berüter, Josef; Feusi, Monika E. Studer; Rüedi, Peter

doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(97)80252-0

Cited by 53 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These results are in agreement with those from Berueter, Studer Feusi e Rueedi (1997) in what concerns the higher amount of fructose. An average value for such relationship in the literature points to 1,0: 3,61: 1,64 but with high standard deviation due to the degree of maturation, to varietal variations and to the effect of growing places (FOURIE;HANSMANN;OBERHOLZER, 1991;FULEKI;PELAYO;PALABAY, 1994;KARADENIZ;EKSI, 2002;ROCHA;MORAIS, 2003;EISELE;DRAKE, 2005).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Composição de açúcares em sucos de maçãs despectinizados

et al. 2007

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Composição de açúcares em sucos de maçãs despectinizados

et al. 2007

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“…However, the mechanisms of sorbitol metabolism, transport, and partitioning are not fully understood and, progress has been quite limited (Yamaki and Moriguchi 1988;Loescher and Everard 1996;Yamaguchi et al 1996;Beruter et al 1997;Gao et al 2003Gao et al , 2005. It has been suggested that sorbitol is metabolized via NAD-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (NAD-SDH), NADP-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (NADP-SDH) and an oxidase (SOX) that, respectively, convert sorbitol into fructose or glucose in Japanese pear fruit (Yamaki and Moriguchi 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of gibberellins in increasing sink demand in Japanese pear fruit during rapid fruit growth

et al. 2007

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Our previous work demonstrated that exogenous gibberellins (GAs) applications during rapid fruit growth significantly increases sink demand and results in a larger fruit in Japanese pear. In an attempt to unravel the mechanism of increased sink demand by applied GAs, the histology, cell wall components of the flesh, and carbon accumulation in the fruit were assessed for Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia, cultivar 'Kousui'), as were the activities of sucrose-and sorbitol-cleaving enzymes. Our results show that most vascular tissues occurred in core tissue with very little vascular tissue in the flesh. Application of a mixture of GA 3 + GA 4 in lanolin paste significantly increased the amount of ethanolinsoluble solids, e.g., total pectins, hemicellulose, and cellulose in the cell walls. There was a significantly increased sink demand (assessed by 13 C accumulation in the fruit) by the applied GAs, and this increased sink strength was closely related to increased activities of cell wall-bound invertase in the core, neutral invertase and NAD-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase in the flesh during rapid fruit growth. As well, concentrations of sorbitol and sucrose in the flesh were decreased by GA application, while glucose concentration increased. Most importantly, the fact that sink activity can be increased by GA application implies that endogenous GAs are likely to be important modulators for sugar metabolism. Hence, selecting for genotypes with elevated GA production in the growing fruit and increased activities of key enzymes for sugar metabolism could result in increased fruit size.

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“…Sugars are distributed through a network of sieve elements to sink tissues such as developing fruit, seed, and leaves in a complex process regulated by photosynthetic rate, phloem loading, long-distance translocation and unloading, postphloem transport, and metabolism within sink tissues (2, 3). Transporters of sugar alcohols like sorbitol and other structural components involved in phloem unloading of sorbitol into the apoplast of apple fruit have been identified (4-6).In sink tissues such as fruit, sucrose is metabolized by invertases and sucrose synthase, whereas sorbitol is converted to fructose by sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH, EC 1.1.1.14) (7,8). Expression of SDH in developing apple fruit is highest 2-3 weeks after bloom, a period sensitive to carbon availability (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In sink tissues such as fruit, sucrose is metabolized by invertases and sucrose synthase, whereas sorbitol is converted to fructose by sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH, EC 1.1.1.14) (7,8). Expression of SDH in developing apple fruit is highest 2-3 weeks after bloom, a period sensitive to carbon availability (9).…”

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confidence: 99%

Silencing leaf sorbitol synthesis alters long-distance partitioning and apple fruit quality

Teo

Suzuki

Uratsu

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

127

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Sorbitol and sucrose are major products of photosynthesis distributed in apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. ''Greensleeves'') that affect quality in fruit. Transgenic apple plants were silenced or up-regulated for sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by using the CaMV35S promoter to define the role of sorbitol distribution in fruit development. Transgenic plants with suppressed sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase compensated by accumulating sucrose and starch in leaves, and morning and midday net carbon assimilation rates were significantly lower. The sorbitol to sucrose ratio in leaves was reduced by Ϸ90% and in phloem exudates by Ϸ75%. The fruit accumulated more glucose and less fructose, starch, and malic acid, with no overall differences in weight and firmness. Sorbitol dehydrogenase activity was reduced in silenced fruit, but activities of neutral invertase, vacuolar invertase, cell wall-bound invertase, fructose kinase, and hexokinase were unaffected. Analyses of transcript levels and activity of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism throughout fruit development revealed significant differences in pathways related to sorbitol transport and breakdown. Together, these results suggest that sorbitol distribution plays a key role in fruit carbon metabolism and affects quality attributes such as sugar-acid balance and starch accumulation.gene silencing ͉ sugar-acid balance ͉ translocation ͉ starch accumulation A pples are in the family Rosaceae, which includes temperate species with fleshy fruit. The family produces sorbitol, sucrose, and starch as primary products of photosynthesis ( Fig. 1). Sorbitol is synthesized via reduction of glucose-6-phosphate to sorbitol-6-phosphate by aldose-6-phosphate reductase (EC 1.1.1.200), also called sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (S6PDH). Sorbitol is the main sugar present in apple leaves and is transported in phloem with sucrose ( Fig. 1) (1). Sugars are distributed through a network of sieve elements to sink tissues such as developing fruit, seed, and leaves in a complex process regulated by photosynthetic rate, phloem loading, long-distance translocation and unloading, postphloem transport, and metabolism within sink tissues (2, 3). Transporters of sugar alcohols like sorbitol and other structural components involved in phloem unloading of sorbitol into the apoplast of apple fruit have been identified (4-6).In sink tissues such as fruit, sucrose is metabolized by invertases and sucrose synthase, whereas sorbitol is converted to fructose by sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH, EC 1.1.1.14) (7,8). Expression of SDH in developing apple fruit is highest 2-3 weeks after bloom, a period sensitive to carbon availability (9). Additionally, sorbitol and other sugars may regulate expression of SDH mRNA and protein in pear fruit slices (10).In this article, we describe how sorbitol distribution affects fruit quality using transgenic apple plants with altered levels of S6PDH. Understanding the relationship between sorbitol accumulation and fruit quality is important not only for a...

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Sorbitol and sucrose partitioning in the growing apple fruit

Cited by 53 publications

References 31 publications

Composição de açúcares em sucos de maçãs despectinizados

Composição de açúcares em sucos de maçãs despectinizados

Roles of gibberellins in increasing sink demand in Japanese pear fruit during rapid fruit growth

Silencing leaf sorbitol synthesis alters long-distance partitioning and apple fruit quality

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