Sore throat pain in the evaluation of mild analgesics

Schachtel, B.; Fillingim, John M.; Thoden, William R.; Lane, Alberta C.; Baybutt, Robert I.

doi:10.1038/clpt.1988.215

Cited by 85 publications

(81 citation statements)

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“…accepted and validated Sore Throat Pain Model methodology, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] which has also been employed in previous studies of flurbiprofencontaining sore-throat lozenges. [8][9][10] Statistical analysis All raw data were listed and sorted by patient randomisation number (including patient initials) and visit/assessment (that is, time point), where applicable.…”

Section: How This Fits Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flurbiprofen microgranules for relief of sore throat: a randomised, double-blind trial

Russo

Bloch²,

Looze³

et al. 2013

Br J Gen Pract

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Section: How This Fits Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flurbiprofen microgranules for relief of sore throat: a randomised, double-blind trial

Russo

Bloch²,

Looze³

et al. 2013

Br J Gen Pract

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“…Two trials comparing guaifenesin with placebo have been conducted; one showed a reduction in coughing with guaifenesin, while the other did not (18). Acetaminophen reduces pharyngeal soreness and headaches (19,20). Carbinoxamine maleate exhibits an antihistaminic effect against nasal symptoms (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-superiority of Kakkonto, a Japanese Herbal Medicine, to a Representative Multiple Cold Medicine with Respect to Anti-aggravation Effects on the Common Cold: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2014

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Objective Kakkonto, a Japanese herbal medicine, is frequently used to treat the common cold not only with a physician's prescription, but also in self-medication situations. This study aimed to examine whether Kakkonto prevents the aggravation of cold symptoms if taken at an early stage of illness compared with a well-selected Western-style multiple cold medicine. Methods This study was a multicenter, active drug-controlled, randomized trial. Adults 18 to 65 years of age who felt a touch of cold symptoms and visited 15 outpatient healthcare facilities within 48 hours of symptoms onset were enrolled. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups: one treated with Kakkonto (Kakkonto Extract-A, 6 g/day) (n=209) and one treated with a Western-style multiple cold medicine (Pabron Gold-A, 3.6 g/day) (n=198) for at most four days. The primary outcome of this study was the aggravation of cold, nasal, throat or bronchial symptoms, scored as moderate or severe and lasting for at least two days within five days after entry into the study. Results Among the 410 enrollees, 340 (168 in the Kakkonto group and 172 in the Pabron group) were included in the analyses. The proportion of participants whose colds were aggravated was 22.6% in the Kakkonto group and 25.0% in the Pabron group (p=0.66). The overall severity of the cold symptoms was not significantly different between the groups. No harmful adverse events occurred in either group. Conclusion Kakkonto did not significantly prevent the progression of cold symptoms, even when prescribed at an early stage of the disease.

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“…53 The DERP reviews are updated at least annually, and are subject to peer review and public comment before final publication. 54 These sources were sufficient for evaluating most claims, but for six claims, the coders were provided with additional references: publications from head-to-head trials comparing acetaminophen to ibuprofen, [55][56][57][58][59][60][61] IMS Health data from 2008 to evaluate a claim of prescription popularity, 62 nonprescription label information for a discontinued product from an archived web page, 63,64 links to specific nonprescription drug product labels to evaluate the incipient ingredients in the product, 65,66 and a press release providing up-to-date information to support an advertising claim. 67 We only used publicly available evidence to evaluate claims and did not make requests to pharmaceutical companies for unpublished or "on-file" evidence.…”

Section: Coding: Evaluating the Truthfulness Of The Major Claimmentioning

confidence: 99%

Content Analysis of False and Misleading Claims in Television Advertising for Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs

Faerber

Kreling

2013

J GEN INTERN MED

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BACKGROUND: False and misleading advertising for drugs can harm consumers and the healthcare system, and previous research has demonstrated that physician-targeted drug advertisements may be misleading. However, there is a dearth of research comparing consumer-targeted drug advertising to evidence to evaluate whether misleading or false information is being presented in these ads. OBJECTIVE: To compare claims in consumer-targeted television drug advertising to evidence, in order to evaluate the frequency of false or misleading television drug advertising targeted to consumers. DESIGN: A content analysis of a cross-section of television advertisements for prescription and nonprescription drugs aired from 2008 through 2010. We analyzed commercial segments containing prescription and nonprescription drug advertisements randomly selected from the Vanderbilt Television News Archive, a census of national news broadcasts. MAIN MEASURES: For each advertisement, the mostemphasized claim in each ad was identified based on claim iteration, mode of communication, duration and placement. This claim was then compared to evidence by trained coders, and categorized as being objectively true, potentially misleading, or false. Potentially misleading claims omitted important information, exaggerated information, made lifestyle associations, or expressed opinions. False claims were factually false or unsubstantiated. KEY RESULTS: Of the most emphasized claims in prescription (n=84) and nonprescription (n=84) drug advertisements, 33 % were objectively true, 57 % were potentially misleading and 10 % were false. In prescription drug ads, there were more objectively true claims (43 %) and fewer false claims (2 %) than in nonprescription drug ads (23 % objectively true, 7 % false). There were similar numbers of potentially misleading claims in prescription (55 %) and nonprescription (61 %) drug ads. CONCLUSIONS:Potentially misleading claims are prevalent throughout consumer-targeted prescription and nonprescription drug advertising on television. These results are in conflict with proponents who argue the social value of drug advertising is found in informing consumers about drugs. O ver the past 15 years, drug advertising to consumers has expanded to encompass more products and more channels. Advertising for prescription drugs has become more prevalent, with more products being promoted directly to consumers through traditional ad media such as magazines and television, plus the internet has become an additional means to connect with consumers for both prescription and nonprescription drugs. Drug companies increased their marketing budgets for advertising directly to consumers, particularly for prescription drugs. Prescription drug advertising to consumers totaled $4.8 billion USD in 2009, 1-3 well surpassing consumer promotion for nonprescription products at $3.0 billion USD that year. 4 Also over this time period, patients have become viewed more as consumers of health care, emphasizing shared decisionmaking 5-7 and self-care. [8][9]...

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Sore throat pain in the evaluation of mild analgesics

Cited by 85 publications

References 0 publications

Flurbiprofen microgranules for relief of sore throat: a randomised, double-blind trial

Flurbiprofen microgranules for relief of sore throat: a randomised, double-blind trial

Non-superiority of Kakkonto, a Japanese Herbal Medicine, to a Representative Multiple Cold Medicine with Respect to Anti-aggravation Effects on the Common Cold: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Content Analysis of False and Misleading Claims in Television Advertising for Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs

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