Sorghum-Phosphate Solubilizers Interactions: Crop Nutrition, Biotic Stress Alleviation, and Yield Optimization

Abstract

Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a highly productive, gluten-free cereal crop plant that can be used as an alternative energy resource, human food, and livestock feed or for biofuel-ethanol production. Phosphate fertilization is a common practice to optimize sorghum yield but because of high cost, environmental hazards, and soil fertility reduction, the use of chemical P fertilizer is discouraged. Due to this, the impetus to search for an inexpensive and eco-friendly microbiome as an alternative to chemical P biofertilizer has been increased. Microbial formulations, especially phosphate solubilizing microbiome (PSM) either alone or in synergism with other rhizobacteria, modify the soil nutrient pool and augment the growth, P nutrition, and yield of sorghum. The use of PSM in sorghum disease management reduces the dependence on pesticides employed to control the phytopathogens damage. The role of PSM in the sorghum cultivation system is, however, relatively unresearched. In this manuscript, the diversity and the strategies adopted by PSM to expedite sorghum yield are reviewed, including the nutritional importance of sorghum in human health and the mechanism of P solubilization by PSM. Also, the impact of solo or composite inoculations of biological enhancers (PSM) with nitrogen fixers or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is explained. The approaches employed by PSM to control sorghum phytopathogens are highlighted. The simultaneous bio-enhancing and biocontrol activity of the PS microbiome provides better options for the replacement of chemical P fertilizers and pesticide application in sustainable sorghum production practices.

Aprimorando a Gestão De Nutrientes Do Solo Com Microrganismos Solubilizadores De Fosfato

“…No entanto, o processo contrário, chamado de retrogradação, pode ser observado em condições específicas como pH elevado, neste caso o P da solução é precipitado em formas de baixa solubilidade, o que reduz o P-Solução, aumentando o compartimento de fonte mineral. A adição de fertilizante fosfatados aumenta a quantidade de P no solo, mas não garante sua pronta disponibilidade para absorção, ao mesmo tempo que o acúmulo excessivo de P no solo a longo prazo é indesejável em contextos agronômicos atuais (RIZVI et al, 2021;SOLANGI et al, 2023).…”

“…O P acumulado no solo naturalmente se torna disponível para absorção pelas plantas, no entanto, é viável implementar estratégias de manejo, como a utilização de biofertilizantes contendo MSPs, para facilitar a sua biodisponibilidade, minimizar as perdas de P e, ao mesmo tempo, aprimorar a capacidade de absorção pelas plantas. É sem dúvida que os biofertilizantes fosfáticos podem aumentar significativamente o rendimento das culturas (RIZVI et al, 2021).…”

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial biofertilizers for crop production: The past, present, and future

“…Despite the growing literature, research concerning their application as biofertilizers is still limited and generally inconsistent. Since the economically-mineable P deposits are limited (Cordell et al, 2009;Vassilev et al, 2015), it is doubtless that phosphatic biofertilizers can significantly enhance crop yields, and that the use of P solubilizing biofertilizers (PSB) as bioinoculants can open up a new horizon for sustaining soil P levels and by large, sustainable crop production (Rizvi et al, 2021a).…”

Promoting the elemental profile of sorghum grain: Driving factors affecting nutritional properties under nitrogen fertilizer conditions

“…Increasingly, sorghum has been recognized as an essential crop for enhancing global food security [ 9 ]. More global efforts were needed to ensure sustainable food production and consumption, which can be integrated into creative strategies [ 10 ].…”