Sorption and oxic degradation of the explosive CL-20 during transport in subsurface sediments

Szecsody, Jim E.; Girvin, D.C.; Devary, Brooks J.; Campbell, James A.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.028

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Monteil-Rivera et al (2003) showed that clay plays a significant role in the sorption of HMX. Greater than 90% of the CL-20 sorption was controlled by mineral surfaces and not by OC in studies with sediments by Szecsody et al (2004). Similar preferential adsorption by clays compared with that by OC was demonstrated for several organic nitro-compounds (Boyd et al, 2001;Charles et al, 2006;Johnston et al, 2002).…”

Section: Uptake Of Rdx Hmx or Cl-20 In Ryegrassmentioning

confidence: 57%

Toxicity and uptake of cyclic nitramine explosives in ryegrass Lolium perenne

Rocheleau

Lachance

Kuperman³

et al. 2008

Environmental Pollution

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Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), octahydro-1, 3,5,3,5, and 2,4,6,8,10,4,6,8,10, are cyclic nitramines used as explosives. Their ecotoxicities have been characterized incompletely and little is known about their accumulation potential in soil organisms. We assessed the toxicity and uptake of these explosives in perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne L. exposed in a Sassafras sandy loam (SSL) or in a sandy soil (DRDC, CL-20 only) containing contrasting clay contents (11% and 0.3%, respectively). A 21-d exposure to RDX, HMX or CL-20 in either soil had no adverse effects on ryegrass growth. RDX and HMX were translocated to ryegrass shoots, with bioconcentration factors (BCF) of up to 15 and 11, respectively. In contrast, CL-20 was taken up by the roots (BCF up to 19) with no translocation to the shoots. These studies showed that RDX, HMX, and CL-20 can accumulate in plants and may potentially pose a risk of biomagnification across the food chain.

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Section: Uptake Of Rdx Hmx or Cl-20 In Ryegrassmentioning

confidence: 57%

Toxicity and uptake of cyclic nitramine explosives in ryegrass Lolium perenne

Rocheleau

Lachance

Kuperman³

et al. 2008

Environmental Pollution

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“…EDB2 (Bhushan et al, 2004c), have been isolated from soils and sediments. Beside its susceptibility to microbial degradation, CL-20 can also degrade abiotically in soils that are alkaline (Balakrishnan et al, 2004a)o r that contain ferrous iron or clays (Szecsody et al, 2004). However, only formate (HCOO À ) and nitrite (NO 2 À ) have been identified as CL-20 products in two of these studies with soil (Balakrishnan et al, 2004a;Szecsody et al, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of CL-20 in sandy soils: Degradation products as potential markers of natural attenuation

Monteil-Rivera

Halasz

Manno

et al. 2009

Environmental Pollution

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“…The ISRM approach involves the creation of a permeable treatment zone downstream of a contaminant plume or contaminant source through injection of a chemical reducing agent to alter the redox potential of aquifer fluids and sediments Vermeul et al 2002;Szecsody et al 2004aSzecsody et al , 2004bSzecsody et al , 2005aSzecsody et al , 2005b. Redox-sensitive contaminants migrating through this treatment zone are immobilized (metals) or transformed to less toxic intermediates or end products (organic solvents and energetics).…”

Section: Abiotic Technology Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is present structurally in primary minerals (magnetite), secondary claysized minerals (smectites and illites) or adsorbed to mineral surfaces and coordinated by soil organic matter . The rate of chromate reduction by ferrous iron has been extensively studied in a variety of geochemical conditions (Eary and Rai 1988;Anderson et al 1994;Hug 1997, 1999;Szecsody et al 2004aSzecsody et al , 2005cSzecsody et al , 2006. The iron phases were examined in selected sediments using well-established extraction procedures (Heron et al 1994).…”

Section: Redox Reactive Phases In Natural Puchack Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatability Study of In Situ Technologies for Remediation of Hexavalent Chromium in Groundwater at the Puchack Well Field Superfund Site, New Jersey

Vermeul¹,

Szecsody²,

Truex³

et al. 2006

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SummaryThis treatability study was conducted by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), at the request of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 2, to evaluate the feasibility of using in situ treatment technologies for chromate reduction and immobilization at the Puchack Well Field Superfund site in Pennsauken Township, New Jersey. In addition to in situ reductive treatments, which included the evaluation of both abiotic and biotic reduction of Puchack aquifer sediments, natural attenuation mechanisms were evaluated (i.e., chromate adsorption and reduction). Chromate exhibited typical anionic adsorption behavior, with greater adsorption at lower pH, at lower chromate concentration, and at lower concentrations of other competing anions. Competitive anions, sulfate in particular (at 50 mg/L), suppressed chromate adsorption by up to 50%. Chromate adsorption was not influenced by inorganic colloids.Results from long-term experiments indicate that natural chromate reduction occurs in Puchack sediments. Sediment composites of seven different Puchack aquifer units showed either no reduction or very slow chromate reduction (0.3 to 3.1 year half-life). However, three selected sediments showed much more rapid reduction (half lives: 49 h to ~3000 h). Although the spatial variability in natural reductive capacity appears to be relatively large, experimental results indicate that chromate reduction can remain viable even in the presence of dissolved oxygen. Most sediments that showed some natural reduction of chromate had very small reductive capacities (average 2.76 ± 1.02 µmol/g), but one sediment had a large reductive capacity (636 µmol/g) with considerable amorphous ferrous iron and 2.25% organic carbon (i.e., contained clays, iron oxides, and possibly lignite). There was wide variability in the iron oxide content of Puchack sediments.Results from chemical reduction experiments on Puchack sediments showed a considerable increase in the reductive capacity (average 60.2 ± 25.6 µmol/g, maximum of 390 µmol/g), indicating that reductive treatment may be an effective approach when deployed at the field scale. The average measured reductive capacity, assuming typical site groundwater chemistry conditions, would result in a treatment zone longevity of 360 pore volumes or 39 years of treatment for a uniform treatment zone 40 ft wide and an average groundwater velocity of 1 ft/d. It was also shown that reductive capacity is a function of pH. The capacity of the sediment column to consume 2.0 mg/L chromate and 8.4 mg/L dissolved oxygen (saturated conditions) was estimated to be 310 pore volumes at pH 4.5 and 480 pore volumes at pH 7.0. Chromate reduction/immobilization was shown to be effective in four long-term column studies at pH 4.5 to 7.0. Chromate was removed in all columns initially, then partial chromate breakthrough occurred by 170 pore volumes for pH values of 4.5 and 5.3, 280 pore volumes at pH 6.2, and 340 pore volumes at pH 7.0. There was no evidence of mobile Cr(III) species at any pH. Iron (II)...

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Sorption and oxic degradation of the explosive CL-20 during transport in subsurface sediments

Cited by 31 publications

References 30 publications

Toxicity and uptake of cyclic nitramine explosives in ryegrass Lolium perenne

Toxicity and uptake of cyclic nitramine explosives in ryegrass Lolium perenne

Fate of CL-20 in sandy soils: Degradation products as potential markers of natural attenuation

Treatability Study of In Situ Technologies for Remediation of Hexavalent Chromium in Groundwater at the Puchack Well Field Superfund Site, New Jersey

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