Diglycolamic acid-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes
(DGA-MWCNTs)
were augmented onto polysulfone-based polymeric materials for the
efficient separation of two representative trivalent lanthanide and
actinide ions (Eu3+ and Am3+) from the aqueous
acidic streams. The appearance of the carbonyl peak at ∼1665
cm–1 along with the −OH bending band of the
carboxylic acid revealed the successful incorporation of the DGA-MWCNT
onto polysulfone, which was also evidenced by the change in surface
morphology in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. While
analyzing the uptake data, the maximum separation factor was found
for aqueous feeds with pH values in the range of 3.5–5, where
the polymer with 3% DGA-MWCNT loading exhibited more than 87% sorption
for both Eu3+ and Am3+. The sorption processes
predominantly followed pseudo-second-order rate kinetics with estimated
rate constants of 1.0 × 10–5 mg g–1 min–1 and 1.8 × 10–5 mg
g–1 min–1 for Am3+ and
Eu3+, respectively. The uptake data were fitted to isotherm
models, viz., Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, etc.,
and conformed well to the Freundlich isotherm. The sorption of the
metal ions was found to be spontaneous (ΔG
Am ∼ −6.3 kJ mol–1, ΔG
Eu ∼ −6.8 kJ mol–1), and the overall enhancement in entropy during sorption indicated
the formation of inner-sphere complexes. The PS-DGA-MWCNT beads exhibited
good radiation stability up to a 500 kGy γ dose, while at 1000
kGy, deterioration in the separation performance was observed. Single
contact with 0.1 M EDTA resulted in more than 96% back extraction
of Am3+ and Eu3+ from the loaded polymeric beads,
whereas quantitative back extraction was achieved after two consecutive
contacts.