“…The textile industry comprises a complex network of processes that constantly exacerbate the use of organic dyes (Haji and Naebe, 2020), which are often improperly released into the environment (Gita et al, 2017;Zafiu et al, 2021) and causes recurrent human health problems (Ding et al, 2011;Kooravand et al, 2021;Naveenraj et al, 2018;Rovira and Domingo, 2019;Tkaczyk et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2009). In this regard, most textile dyes are potentially toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic (Carneiro et al, 2010;Tan et al, 2020;Yek et al, 2020). Furthermore, improper dye residue disposal causes soil and groundwater contamination, reducing the water quality for humans and aquatic ecosystems.…”