Sorption of light fullerenes C60 and C70 on NORIT-AZO carbon

Semenov, Konstantin N.; Seregin, V. I.; Arapov, O. V.; Чарыков, Н. А.

doi:10.1007/s11167-005-0085-6

Cited by 6 publications

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References 12 publications

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“…The research in this field is aimed at determining the conditions of chromatographic separation of fullerene mixtures [133]. This study continues our previous investigations concerned with sorption of light fullerenes on unmodified carbon materials [3]. It should be noted that the first works in this field in Russia were those by Samonin et al [4,5], which, however, disregarded the possibility of chromatographic separation and purification of light fullerenes.…”

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Sorption of Light Fullerenes (C60 and C70) on Materials Prepared by Sublimation of Graphite Rods

et al. 2005

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Sorption of fullerenes C 60 and C 70 from o-xylene, toluene, and o-dichlorobenzene solutions under static conditions on a sorbent prepared by sublimation of graphite rods was studied. The sorption isotherms of both fullerenes at 25oC were measured.In this study, we examined sorption of fullerenes from o-xylene, toluene, and o-dichlorobenzene solutions on a sorbent prepared by sublimation of graphite rods. The research in this field is aimed at determining the conditions of chromatographic separation of fullerene mixtures [133]. This study continues our previous investigations concerned with sorption of light fullerenes on unmodified carbon materials [3]. It should be noted that the first works in this field in Russia were those by Samonin et al. [4,5], which, however, disregarded the possibility of chromatographic separation and purification of light fullerenes.We used fullerene C 60 containing 99.9 wt % main compound (0.1 wt % C 70 ) and C 70 containing 99 wt % main compound (1 wt % C 60 ) (ILIP Joint-Stock Company, St. Petersburg, Russia). o-Xylene, o-dichlorobenzene, and toluene were of analytically pure grade. The sorbent was prepared by sublimation of graphite rods [reactor graphite of ultrapure grade (>99.995 wt %)] at 2500 + 50oC and a residual pressure of 2 0 10 !3 mm Hg. The carbon vapor was condensed on a steel support water-cooled to temperatures below 70oC. The resulting carbon crust was ball-milled using steel balls. The powder was mechanically sieved into fractions. We used a fraction with the following particle size distribution: d > 70 mm less than 10 wt %, d = 40370 mm 803 85 wt %, and d < 40 mm 5310 wt %. Just before the experiment, the sorbent was heated in air at 200 + 20oC for 1.532.0 h.To study the sorption properties of the carbon, concentrated stock solutions of the fullerenes in the above solvents were prepared (taking into account their solubilities) by isothermal saturation at 25oC for 24 h. The concentration of C 60 and C 70 in o-xylene, toluene, and o-dichlorobenzene was 4.1 and 2,3, 1.3 and 0.46, and 26 and 3.3 g l !1 , respectively. Less concentrated solutions in all of these solvents were prepared by sequential dilutions.To weighed portions of the carbon (1 g), 10-ml aliquots of the fullerene solutions of different concentrations were added. The mixture was stirred on a magnetic stirrer for 24 h at 25 + 0.05oC. This time is required to attain an equilibrium in the carbon-solution system. The mixture was filtered through a Schott filter (porosity 16) to remove the sorbent, and the fullerene content in the resulting solution was determined.The content of C 60 and C 70 in the solutions before and after the sorption was determined spectrophotometrically on an SF-46 spectrophotometer from the optical density at l = 335.5 and 472.0 nm [6]. The concentrations were calculated by the following empirical equations: c(C 60 ) = 13.10(D 335 3 1.8080D 472 ), (1) c(C 70 ) = 42.51(D 472 3 1.0081D 335 ), (2)where D 335 and D 472 are the optical densities of a 1-cm layer of the solution at the indic...

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Sorption of Light Fullerenes (C60 and C70) on Materials Prepared by Sublimation of Graphite Rods

et al. 2005

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“…Studies of the solubility of fullerenes are of importance for the development of methods for chromatographic and prechromatographic (based on solubility and extraction equilibria) separation of industrial fullerene mixtures and for studies of chemical reactions with the participation of fullerenes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. There are ample experimental data on the solubility of pure light ( ë 60 and ë 70 ) fullerenes in various inorganic and diverse organic solvents (alkanes, aromatic solvents, alcohol, carboxylic acids, ionic liquids, etc.).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…There is almost no data on the solubility of a pure fullerene in mixed solvents or of a mixture of fullerenes in one solvent [4][5][6]9], in spite of their great importance for the optimization of separation conditions. The number of works concerned with solubility in ternary systems of the fullerene ë 60 -fullerene ë 70 -solvent type is also exceedingly limited.…”

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confidence: 99%

The solubility of fullerene C60-fullerene C70 mixtures in styrene at 25°C

Semenov

Чарыков²,

Arapov³

et al. 2009

Russ. J. Phys. Chem.

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“…(g) the carbon phases obtained were placed in a counterflow extractor of the type of a Soxhlet apparatus, and extraction with chemically pure o-dichlorobenzene, which is the most effective solvent for unmodified fullerenes [14], was carried out at 1753185oC under atmospheric pressure in the course of 240 h; (in the course of the extraction, the solvent acquired an increasingly intense yellow-brown coloration, which is rather characteristic of solutions of fullerene mixtures);…”

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Modification of Natural Shungites To Obtain a Mixed Nanocarbon Material (MNS)

et al. 2005

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An original technology for processing of a natural material, shungite-3 from the Zazhogino deposit (Karelia), was developed in order to obtain a new product, mixed nanocarbon material (MNS).It is suggested to obtain a nanocarbon material (MNS) by using the available natural raw material, shungite rock widely occurring in the geologic profile of the world's largest Onega basin (Republic of Karelia) of Precambrian black-shale sedimentation. To the shungite rock is commonly related a large group of compositionally different carbon-containing Precambrian geologic formations. Commonly, rocks with 5310% shungite substance are named shungitious, and those with 0.535%, shungite-containing. To highcarbon shungite rocks belong those in which the content of free shungite carbon exceeds 20%.The total estimated resources of the shungite rock of the Onega basin according to Mikhailov [1] exceed one billion tons (1041 million), and the prospected resources (of classes B + C1 + C2) of the largest Zazhogino deposit (in Medvezh'egorskii district) are 148.8 million tons (reserves 321.8 million tons), with the average content of the shungite carbon, e.g., in the Maksovskaya bed, is about 31%.Shungite (shungite rock) of the Zazhogino deposit is, on the average, composed of 30% carbon and 70% silicates [2]. It is by the content of carbon that it is referred [2] to the third variety of shungite rocks (shungite-3), or, according to the geological-genetic classification by Filippov, to maxovites, which are saprobitumolite rocks having the form of a fine homogeneous mixture of a shungite substance and a cryptocrystalline mineral substance. The conditions of the regional metamorphism of shungite rocks correspond to the chlorite and biotite zones of the greenshale facies. The microelements found in these rocks are Fe, Ti, V, Ni, Cu, and Zn, mainly in the sulfide (pyrite, pyrrhotine, sphalerite, etc.) and oxide (rutile etc.) mineral forms.The conditions in which shungites are formed, as well as their chemical and phase composition, suggest that fullerenes and(or) fulleroid components of carbon fractions are present in natural shungites. Here and hereinafter by fullerenes are meant light fullerenes C 60 and C 70 and heavy fullerenes C 76 , C 78 , C 84 , and C 90 , as well as their mixtures; and by fulleroid materials are understood single-and multi-walled nabnotubes, nanobarrels, nano-onions, nanocones, and mixtures of these [4,5].The authors developed an original technique for mechanical and chemical processing of shungite-3 to obtain a heterogeneous catalyst. The technique includes the following processing stages: (a) decomposition of the rock in an alkaline (NaOH) melt at a temperature of 500 3520oC to remove aluminosilicate and silicate components; (b) washing of carbon phases with water to remove trace amounts of the alkali, with the subsequent grinding and sieving to obtain a powder with a grain size of 803100 mm; (c) acid treatment of carbon phases (HNO 3 65 wt %) at 60 3 65oC for 335 h to remove mixtures of metals, their oxides, and s...

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Sorption of light fullerenes C60 and C70 on NORIT-AZO carbon

Abstract: Sorption of fullerenes C 60 and C 70 from o-xylene, toluene, and dichlorobenzene solutions on NORIT-AZO carbons was studied.

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Sorption of Light Fullerenes (C60 and C70) on Materials Prepared by Sublimation of Graphite Rods

Sorption of Light Fullerenes (C60 and C70) on Materials Prepared by Sublimation of Graphite Rods

The solubility of fullerene C60-fullerene C70 mixtures in styrene at 25°C

Modification of Natural Shungites To Obtain a Mixed Nanocarbon Material (MNS)

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