User of industrial solvents has many available choices of commercial products but also a large number of parameters which must be considered to make proper selection. Existing research data, theories, and numerical values characterizing various aspects of solvent application are available in monographic sources and databases of solvents properties. This article is an introduction to all complexities of solvent selection because the scope of necessary information is much broader than it is possible to discuss in one chapter.
This article contains condensed information on solvent classification and their main groups used by industry. Many different physical properties are discussed to show their importance in solvent selection. These include solvent power, solubility parameters, activity coefficient, solvent‐solute interaction and the major forces of this interaction, electronic and electrical effects, swelling and plasticization, rheological properties of solutions, transport phenomena, chemical reactivity, and behavior of solvents in mixtures.
Solvents used must perform but they should not harm users of products and environment. For this reasons environmental impact of solvents, health and safety information, and regulations are very important considerations here.
Various groups of solvents are compared and ranked according to their performance in the above technical and safety categories. Tabular form of this comparison permits generalization of solvent properties.