Sound Absorption in Sea Water

Schulkin, M.; Marsh, H. W.

doi:10.1121/1.1918213

Cited by 111 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…At each value of water temperature, the bars plotted include the combined range of the effects of pressure and salinity. Shown in this figure are the values of α W calculated by the methods of Schulkin and Marsh (1962) and, for comparison, Ainslie and McColm (1998).…”

Section: Appendix 4 Comparison Of the Effects Of Water Temperature mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under the relatively shallow-water and low-salinity conditions in rivers, however, α W meaningfully depends only on water temperature (appendix 4). In our study, we use the α W of Schulkin and Marsh (1962), which is calculated on the basis of varying water temperature while pressure and salinity are held constant at appropriate low values. α S depends on the properties of the suspended sediment and is discussed in detail in the "Physical Basis for the Sediment Attenuation Coefficient" section below.…”

Section: Two-way Transmission Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term continuous acoustical suspended-sediment measurements in rivers - Theory, application, bias, and error

Topping¹,

Wright²

2016

Professional Paper

100

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Section: Appendix 4 Comparison Of the Effects Of Water Temperature mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Two-way Transmission Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term continuous acoustical suspended-sediment measurements in rivers - Theory, application, bias, and error

Topping¹,

Wright²

2016

Professional Paper

100

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“…Finally, an acoustic propagation model proposed by Schulkin [20] is considered. According to that model, the received signal should be multiplied by a corrective coefficient p:…”

Section: Underwater Acoustic Channelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and methodologies in Passive ocean Acoustic Tomography: An approach based on ICA

Mansour

2010

4th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies

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The main idea of this manuscript consists on applying signal processing methods along with statistical approaches to achieve the characterization of a complex and hostile environment such as the oceanic underwater environment. In order to study, characterize (i.e. the measurement of the pressure, the salinity, the temperature, etc.) and extract the topographical features (depth, etc), Ocean acoustic tomography methods are widely used.For many reasons, Passive ocean Acoustic Tomography (PAT) configuration becomes more attractive than the classic active one. However the new passive configuration is more challenging. In our project, some of the facing problems have been addressed. In this manuscript, major problems are described and a new separation scheme based on modified ICA algorithms is proposed. Finally, our experiment results corroborate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.KEY WORD: Underwater acoustic applications, passive acoustic tomography, second order statistics in frequency domain, multipath channel, sparseness or non-stationary signals.

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“…Pressure does not have a significant effect on the absorption coefficient for shallow water systems (depth ≤20 m; Alvarez and Jones 2002). The absorption coefficients (α) for water used in the signal strength calculations for the ADV for different temperature and salinity values were estimated by the approach of Shulkin and Marsh (1962):…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of suspended sediment concentration in rivers using acoustic methods

Elçi

Aydın

Work

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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Acoustic Doppler current meters (ADV, ADCP, and ADP) are widely used in water systems to measure flow velocities and velocity profiles. Although these meters are designed for flow velocity measurements, they can also provide information defining the quantity of particulate matter in the water, after appropriate calibration. When an acoustic instrument is calibrated for a water system, no additional sensor is needed to measure suspended sediment concentration (SSC). This provides the simultaneous measurements of velocity and concentration required for most sediment transport studies. The performance of acoustic Doppler current meters for measuring SSC was investigated in different studies where signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and suspended sediment concentration were related using different formulations. However, these studies were each limited to a single study sitȩ where neither the effect of particle size nor the effect of temperature was investigated. In this study, different parameters that affect the performance of an ADV for the prediction of SSC are investigated. In order to investigate the reliability of an ADV for SSC measurements in different environments, flow and SSC measurements were made in different streams located in the Aegean region of Turkey having different soil types. Soil samples were collected from all measuring stations and particle size analysis was conducted by mechanical means. Multivariate analysis was utilized to investigate the effect of soil type and water temperature on the measurements. Statistical analysis indicates that SNR readings obtained from the ADV are affected by water temperature and particle size distribution of the soil, as expected, and a prediction model is presented relating SNR readings to SSC measurements where both water temperature and sediment characteristics type are incorporated into the model. The coefficients of the suggested model were obtained using the multivariate analysis. Effect of high turbidity conditions on ADV performance was also investigated during and after rain events. Keywords

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Sound Absorption in Sea Water

Abstract: An expression is presented for sound absorption in sea water as a function of frequency, temperature, salinity, and pressure. It is based on available data reported in the literature and new data taken in the North Atlantic Ocean in the frequency range 2–25 kcps.

Cited by 111 publications

References 0 publications

Long-term continuous acoustical suspended-sediment measurements in rivers - Theory, application, bias, and error

Long-term continuous acoustical suspended-sediment measurements in rivers - Theory, application, bias, and error

Challenges and methodologies in Passive ocean Acoustic Tomography: An approach based on ICA

Estimation of suspended sediment concentration in rivers using acoustic methods

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