“…For voltage-clamp recordings, the intrapipette solution consisted of the following (in m m ): 130 CsMeSO 4 , 4 tetraethylammonium-Cl, 10 Hepes, 10 Na 2 -phosphocreatine, 0.5 EGTA, 4 MgATP, 0.3 Na 2 GTP, 2 QX-314, and 0.2% biocytin, all adjusted to pH 7.3. Because the ionic composition of extracellular fluid in the brain is similar to that of aCSF, excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs and IPSCs, respectively) were dominant at clamped voltages of –74 and 0 mV, respectively (Abe et al, 2014). Based on the assumptions that leak currents were blocked by intracellular cesium ions and that the equilibrium potentials for EPSCs and IPSCs were 0 and –74 mV, the excitatory and inhibitory conductance at any given point in time was estimated as G e = EPSC/(–74) and G i = IPSC/74.…”