“…The exhausts of modern engines are designed to try to reduce the noise emitted as much as possible. One way of achieving this is to use novel geometrical designs, and the use of various sound absorbent materials for the exhaust system, see Rawlins [1,2], Mahmood-ul-Hassan and Rawlins [3,4]. Ducts and pipes, in which sound propagates, can be good carriers of acoustic energy and are therefore called acoustic waveguides.…”