Sound transmission in porcine thorax through airway insonification

Peng, Ying; Dai, Zoujun; Mansy, Hansen A.; Henry, Brian; Sandler, Richard H.; Balk, R.A.; Royston, Thomas J.

doi:10.1007/s11517-015-1358-8

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The tree generated from the algorithm was comparable to the geometry extracted from CT [29-31], which showed monopodiality, and is comparable to the dog lung airways [22]. The generated tree morphology also showed similarity with that reported in previous studies [17,26,33]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Generation of Pig Airways using Rules Developed from the Measurements of Physical Airways

Azad

Mansy

2016

J Bioengineer & Biomedical Sci

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Background A method for generating bronchial tree would be helpful when constructing models of the tree for benchtop experiments as well as for numerical modeling of flow or sound propagation in the airways. Early studies documented the geometric details of the human airways that were used to develop methods for generating human airway tree. However, methods for generating animal airway tree are scarcer. Earlier studies suggested that the morphology of animal airways can be significantly different from that of humans. Hence, using algorithms for the human airways may not be accurate in generating models of animal airway geometry. Objective The objective of this study is to develop an algorithm for generating pig airway tree based on the geometric details extracted from the physical measurements. Methods In the current study, measured values of branch diameters, lengths and bifurcation angles and rotation of bifurcating planes were used to develop an algorithm that is capable of generating a realistic pig airway tree. Results The generation relations between parent and daughter branches were found to follow certain trends. The diameters and the length of different branches were dependent on airway generations while the bifurcation angles were primarily dependent on bifurcation plane rotations. These relations were sufficient to develop rules for generating a model of the pig large airways. Conclusion The results suggested that the airway tree generated from the algorithm can provide an approximate geometric model of pig airways for computational and benchtop studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Generation of Pig Airways using Rules Developed from the Measurements of Physical Airways

Azad

Mansy

2016

J Bioengineer & Biomedical Sci

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“…; Peng et al. ; Mansy et al 2015a). For example, there is an early airway branching (the tracheal bronchus) that feeds the top right lung lobe that is not usually seen in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relevant acoustic phenomenon in the pulmonary system have been studied using animal (Kraman and Wang 1990;Mansy et al 2002a;R€ as€ anen et al 2014) benchtop (Acikgoz et al 2008;Dai et al 2015;Mansy et al 2015b) and numerical (Royston et al 1999(Royston et al , 2002Zhang et al 2001;Ozer et al 2007) models. To validate computational models, animal experiments can be carried out (Dai et al 2014a,b;Henry et al 2014;Peng et al 2014Peng et al , 2015. Accurate information on animal airway geometry would be necessary for building realistic models of the airways.…”

Section: Background Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geometric features of pig airways using computed tomography

Azad

Mansy

Gamage

2016

Physiological Reports

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Accurate knowledge of the airway geometry is needed when constructing physical models of the airway tree and for numerical modeling of flow or sound propagation in the airways. Human and animal experiments are conducted to validate these models. Many studies documented the geometric details of the human airways. However, information about the geometry of pig airways is scarcer. Earlier studies suggested that the morphology of animal airways can be significantly different from that of humans. The objective of this study is to measure the airway diameter, length and bifurcation angles in domestic pigs using computed tomography. In this study, lungs of six pigs were imaged, then segmentation software tools were used to extract the geometry of the airway lumen. The airway dimensions were measured from the resulting 3‐D models for the first 24 airway generations. Results showed that the size and morphology of the airways of the six pigs were similar. The trachea diameters were found to be comparable to the typical human adult, but the diameter, length and branching angles of other airways were noticeably different from that of humans. For example, pig airways consistently had an early branching from the trachea that feeds the top right lung lobe and precedes the main carina. This branch is absent in the human airways. The results suggested that the pig airways geometry may not be accurately approximated by human airways and this approximation may contribute to increasing the errors in computational models of the pig chest.

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“…Such identification is crucial for predicting the life of many engineering components. For instance, studies have shown that crack growth is accelerated greatly at the boundary between the slip and stick zones, reducing the fatigue life significantly [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact around a Sharp Corner with Small Scale Plasticity

Hu¹

2017

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Abstract:Owing to elastic singularity, the contact stress around a sharp corner is highly sensitive to the boundary conditions and local geometrical details. Determination of such stress is critical in predicting failures such as wear, fretting fatigue and crack initiation. In this paper, the stress around such corner is analyzed based on linear elasticity and small scale plasticity. The stress on the contact interface is generalized in a way that the results can be easily converted to represent another corner with different dimensions or boundary conditions. An example is presented to show the determination of the stress scale and the formulation of a generalized solution. It is shown that the generalized macro stress field away from the corner dominates the contact behaviors around the corner.

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Sound transmission in porcine thorax through airway insonification

Cited by 20 publications

References 61 publications

Generation of Pig Airways using Rules Developed from the Measurements of Physical Airways

Generation of Pig Airways using Rules Developed from the Measurements of Physical Airways

Geometric features of pig airways using computed tomography

Contact around a Sharp Corner with Small Scale Plasticity

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