Sounds of Soil: A New World of Interactions under Our Feet?

Rillig, Matthias C.; Bonneval, Karine; Lehmann, Johannes

doi:10.3390/soilsystems3030045

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Other senses possessed by some organisms include magnetoreception, electroreception, and chronoception (passage of time). Fungi have analogues of the main senses (Figure 1) and in all fungal phyla there are species that can respond with positive or negative tropisms (as hyphae) or taxes (those that produce motile zoospores) to all of the main categories of stimuli (Table 1), perhaps even sound [19].…”

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confidence: 99%

Fungal behaviour: a new frontier in behavioural ecology

Aleklett

Boddy

2021

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

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As human beings, behaviours make up our everyday lives. What we do from the moment we wake up to the moment we go back to sleep at night can all be classified and studied through the concepts of behavioural ecology. The same applies to all vertebrates and, to some extent, invertebrates. Fungi are, in most people's eyes perhaps, the eukaryotic multicellular organisms with which we humans share the least commonalities. However, they still express behaviours, and we argue that we could obtain a better understanding of their livesalthough they are very different from oursthrough the lens of behavioural ecology. Moreover, insights from fungal behaviour may drive a better understanding of behavioural ecology in general. Can fungi be studied through the lens of behavioural ecology?All organisms, be they prokaryotic or eukaryotic, macroorganisms or microorganisms, have to solve a similar set of basic problems to survive: how to obtain energy and nutrients, avoid being eaten or killed, and spread their offspring and how to partition resources between these activities [1]. To address these problems, they have all evolved different sets of solutions and behaviours (Figure 1 and Table 1).Fungi constitute a vast kingdom of 2-6 million or more species [2,3] (Box 1 and Table 1), but despite our rapidly increasing understanding of fungal genetics, biochemistry, cell biology and physiology, there are a surprisingly large number of gaps in our basic understanding of their lives and behaviours. We believe that fungal ecology would greatly benefit from being studied under the framework of behavioural ecology and that behavioural ecology, in turn, will benefit from the challenges of including fungi.Behaviour is not well defined in the literature, but broadly covers an organism's movements, interactions, cognition (see Glossary), and learning. Tinbergen introduced four classic ways of asking why an animal performs a certain behavioural act. How does the behaviour improve survival or reproduction? How has the behaviour changed over time? What factors lead to the behaviour seen in a specific instance? How does the behaviour in an individual change as it matures and which internal and external factors affect this? [4]. These questions are equally appropriate for fungi and through them we could gain a better understanding of the context in which fungi explore and forage for nutrients, interact with other organisms, and respond to their abiotic environment.

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confidence: 99%

Fungal behaviour: a new frontier in behavioural ecology

Aleklett

Boddy

2021

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

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“…This means that existing classifications also serve another important function: additional factors, as they are discovered or manifest themselves, can be added to the classification, and we can then fairly rapidly gauge how to best study their effects or how different or similar they are to existing factors. For example, should sound pollution become recognized as a factor of importance for soils (Rillig et al, 2019), then we could start systematically comparing it with existing factors to ascertain how novel it is compared to the existing group of environmental factors.…”

Section: Advantages Of Factor Classification and Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classifying human influences on terrestrial ecosystems

Rillig

Ryo

Lehmann

2021

Global Change Biology

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Human activity is affecting every ecosystem on Earth, with terrestrial biodiversity decreasing rapidly. Human influences materialize in the form of numerous, jointly acting factors, yet the experimental study of such joint impacts is not well developed. We identify the absence of a systematic ordering system of factors according to their properties (traits) as an impediment to progress and offer an a priori trait‐based factor classification to illustrate this point, starting at the coarsest level with the physical, biological or chemical nature of factors. Such factor classifications can serve in communication of science, but also can be used as heuristic tools to develop questions and formulate new hypotheses, or as predictors of effects, which we explore here. We hope that classifications such as the one proposed here can help shift the spotlight on the multitude of anthropogenic changes affecting ecosystems, and that such classifications can be used to help unravel joint impacts of a great number of factors.

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“…An example of what has the potential to become the latest hype is related to an idea emitted almost 40 years ago and used ever since in the geotechnical literature (Koerner, McCabe, & Lord, 1981), namely that of using acoustic emissions to monitor soil processes. Before much serious research has taken place on the topic other than with earthworms and insects (Lacoste, Ruiz, & Or, 2018; Mankin et al, 2000), acoustic emissions are already being touted as very promising for monitoring soil biota, including microorganisms (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAblFVZTPzs; Rillig, Bonneval, & Lehmann, 2019)!…”

Section: Escalating Hyperbolementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before much serious research has taken place on the topic other than with earthworms and insects (Lacoste, Ruiz, & Or, 2018;Mankin et al, 2000), acoustic emissions are already being touted as very promising for monitoring soil biota, including microorganisms (https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=TAblFVZTPzs; Rillig, Bonneval, & Lehmann, 2019)!…”

Section: Escalating Hyperbolementioning

confidence: 99%

Bypass and hyperbole in soil research: Worrisome practices critically reviewed through examples

Baveye

2020

European J Soil Science

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Almost 30 years ago, a distinguished soil physical‐chemist, Grant W. Thomas, voiced serious concern about what he saw in the soil science literature as more a preoccupation with style than with substance. The present article argues that, similarly, there are reasons to be worried at the moment because of a tendency in much of the literature on soils, both within and outwith soil science, to systematically ignore certain bodies of “old” literature, even when they are extremely relevant, and also to unduly inflate the potential significance of research achievements. These two practices, referred to as “bypass” and “hyperbole”, are illustrated by several examples dealing, respectively, with soil “aggregates”, soil quality/health, soil “contributions to ecosystem services” and whole‐soil metagenomics, in the case of bypass, and with biochar, the “4 per 1000” initiative, and the role of soils in achieving Sustainable Development Goals, in the case of hyperbole. It is hoped that the present review article will lead to a healthy debate on where our discipline stands at the moment in terms of how we build on the achievements of our predecessors and how accurately we describe the significance of our work. This debate should allow soil science to evolve to meet the daunting challenges it faces in the years ahead. Highlights The literature on soils seems characterized by a significant amount of bypass and hyperbole Bypass is described, related to soil “aggregates”, soil quality/health, soil “contributions to ecosystem services” and whole‐soil metagenomics Hyperbole is described in connection with the research on biochar, the “4 per 1000” initiative, and the role of soils in achieving Sustainable Development Goals. The need to curb these deviances is stressed.

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Sounds of Soil: A New World of Interactions under Our Feet?

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Fungal behaviour: a new frontier in behavioural ecology

Fungal behaviour: a new frontier in behavioural ecology

Classifying human influences on terrestrial ecosystems

Bypass and hyperbole in soil research: Worrisome practices critically reviewed through examples

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