Sounds produced by drops falling on water

Mallock, A.

doi:10.1098/rspa.1918.0055

Cited by 34 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In the experiments reported here, a similar smooth funnel shape is seen for the lighter spheres and the lower drop heights; similar shapes are seen in water (see e.g. [3]) and polymer fluids [23]. The pinch-off process for the smooth, viscous-like cavity in a wormlike micellar fluid is shown for a d = 2.54 cm delrin sphere in Fig.…”

Section: Surface Deformation and Cavity Dynamicssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Recently, similar forward-pointed bubbles were seen numerically in a two-dimensional geometry of an axially oriented nematic liquid crystal. 3 We expect a similar explanation here: that the flow-induced structures in the wake of the sphere [11] lead to a local micellar orientation which produces this pointed shape. Note that the bubble does also have a trailing edge cusp-like tail, as is seen in polymer fluids [56], and in fact jumps as it rises, as smaller bubbles do in wormlike micellar fluids [15,16].…”

Section: Appendix Amentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The fundamental phenomenon involves the cavity and/or splash produced by the object as it enters the fluid, often accompanied by bubble entrainment and acoustic noise [3,4]. If the object has a spatial dimension d, and is moving at velocity U 0 when it reaches the surface, the relevant non-dimensional number characterizing the ensuing phenomena is the Froude number…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact dynamics of a solid sphere falling into a viscoelastic micellar fluid

Akers

Belmonte

2006

Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics

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Section: Surface Deformation and Cavity Dynamicssupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Appendix Amentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact dynamics of a solid sphere falling into a viscoelastic micellar fluid

Akers

Belmonte

2006

Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics

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“…Subsequent studies by Mallock (1918) and Bell (1924) provided some qualitative explanation for the observed cavity shapes and sphere trajectories. The advent of high-speed cine-photography allowed for quantitative measurements, the first series of which explored the influence of the atmospheric pressure on the water entry of missiles (Gilbarg & Anderson 1948;Richardson 1948).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water entry of small hydrophobic spheres

2009

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We present the results of a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the normal impact of hydrophobic spheres on a water surface. Particular attention is given to characterizing the shape of the resulting air cavity in the low Bond number limit, where cavity collapse is driven principally by surface tension rather than gravity. A parameter study reveals the dependence of the cavity structure on the governing dimensionless groups. A theoretical description based on the solution to the Rayleigh-Besant problem is developed to describe the evolution of the cavity shape and yields an analytical solution for the pinch-off time in the zero Bond number limit. The sphere's depth at cavity pinch-off is also computed in the low Weber number, quasi-static limit. Theoretical predictions compare favourably with our experimental observations in the low Bond number regime, and also yield new insight into the high Bond number regime considered by previous investigators. Discrepancies are rationalized in terms of the assumed form of the velocity field and neglect of the longitudinal component of curvature, which together preclude an accurate description of the cavity for depths less than the capillary length. Finally, we present a theoretical model for the evolution of the splash curtain formed at high Weber number and couple it with the underlying cavity dynamics.

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“…Impacts of projectiles into liquid surfaces during gravity were intensively studied in the early 20th century (Mallock 1918;Birkhoff 1960). Experiments showed that, at low impact velocities, the fluid surface seals deep while at entry velocities above 40 km/h, the fluid seals at the surface due to air pressure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial High-Speed-Imaging of Projectile Impacts into Fluids in Microgravity

Holfeld

Maier

Izzo³

et al. 2008

Microgravity Sci. Technol

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Impacts of rigid metal projectiles into fluid targets were observed under microgravity conditions using a technique which simultaneously generates multiple images from different angles with microsecond resolution. The impact experiments were performed with velocities of 15 ± 3 km/h into a water surface on the ground and during parabolic flights. To obtain comparable impacts, the fluid was forced to maintain a planar surface in weightlessness by a sharp metal ring attached in a transparent ultrahydrophobic-coated cylinder. The resulting continuous 'Frozen Reality'® camera pan shots show the liquid surface deformation due to projectile water-entry. While an impacted liquid surface in gravity forms a wine-glass-shaped air cavity, in microgravity, the air cavity is tear-drop-shaped. Shortly after the impact into liquid, the air cavity closes and a large air bubble remains in the fluid due to microgravity. The escaped fluid forms a columnar liquid jet which tears approximately one second after the impact and leaves a satellite drop above the impact surface. The experiments help to understand collisions of kilometer-sized low-gravity bodies in space as they behave fluid-like at high impact velocities.

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Sounds produced by drops falling on water

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Impact dynamics of a solid sphere falling into a viscoelastic micellar fluid

Impact dynamics of a solid sphere falling into a viscoelastic micellar fluid

Water entry of small hydrophobic spheres

Spatial High-Speed-Imaging of Projectile Impacts into Fluids in Microgravity

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