Source apportionment and health risk assessment among specific age groups during haze and non-haze episodes in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Sulong, Nor Azura; Latif, Mohd Talib; Khan, Firoz; Amil, Norhaniza; Ashfold, Matthew J.; Wahab, Muhammad Ikram A.; Chan, Kok Meng; Sahani, Maneesh

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.153

Cited by 114 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…7b) was characterized by the significant presence of Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, BkF, BbF, BaF and BaP. Mn, Zn and As are related to emissions from steel production, brick, ceramic and glass-making factories Sulong et al, 2017). Cu mainly originates from non-ferrous metal pro-9386 D. Han et al: Size distribution and impact of gas-particle partitioning on PM 2.5 source apportionment duction and smelting factories.…”

Section: Pmf Source Apportionmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, severe atmospheric pollution characterized by haze episodes has been a recurring problem in developing countries, affecting visibility, optical radiation and human health (Yadav et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2015;Shen et al, 2015;Sulong et al, 2017). China has experienced numerous severe and long-lasting haze episodes since winter in 2013, which has affected over 600 million local residents and covered a quarter of the country's land area (Huang et al, 2014;Hao and Liu, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-polar organic compounds in autumn and winter aerosols in a typical city of eastern China: size distribution and impact of gas–particle partitioning on PM<sub>2.5</sub> source apportionment

Han

Gao

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Aerosol-associated non-polar organic compounds (NPOCs), including 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 30 n-alkanes, 2 iso-alkanes, 5 hopanes and 5 steranes, were identified and quantified in PM 2.5 samples using the thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) method. The samples were mainly collected in autumn and winter in a typical city of eastern China. The total concentrations of NPOCs were 31.7-388.7 ng m −3 , and n-alkanes were the most abundant species (67.2 %). The heavy-molecular-weight PAHs (four-and five-ring) contributed 67.9 % of the total PAHs, and the middle-chainlength n-alkanes (C 25 -C 34 ) were the most abundant (72.3 %) in n-alkanes. PAHs and n-alkanes were mainly distributed in the 0.56-1.00 µm fraction, while (hopanes + steranes) were associated with the 0.32-1.00 µm fraction, suggesting condensation of combustion products was their important origin. The ratio-ratio plots indicated that NPOCs in the local area were affected by photochemical degradation. To reduce the uncertainty caused by only particle NPOC data for source apportionment, the particle and predicted gaseous-phase NPOCs, incorporated with other PM 2.5 compound were used as input data for the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. Eight factors were extracted for both cases: secondary aerosol formation, vehicle exhaust, industrial emission, coal combustion, biomass burning, ship emission, and dust and light NPOCs. These findings highlight the emissions from different aerosol-associated NPOC origins, which caused different size-specific distributions, photodegradation and gas-particle partitioning, which further affect PM 2.5 source apportionment. Considering these effects on organic tracers will help us accurately identify the potential sources of aerosols and then asses the contributions from each source.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

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Section: Pmf Source Apportionmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-polar organic compounds in autumn and winter aerosols in a typical city of eastern China: size distribution and impact of gas–particle partitioning on PM<sub>2.5</sub> source apportionment

Han

Gao

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Compounded by air stagnation and other factors, the particles will be trapped, producing significant haze in the air. Results from scientific research prove that atmospheric fine particles can absorb a large number of carcinogens and genotoxic mutagens, and bring undeniable negative effects on human health, including increasing mortality and aggravating chronic diseases [15]. They can worsen respiratory and cardiac diseases, change the function and structure of the lung, affect reproductive ability, and change the immune structure of the human body [16].…”

Section: The Inconvenient Truth About Haze In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ant Forest through the Haze: A Case Study of Gamified Participatory Pro-Environmental Communication in China

Chen

Cai

2019

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Increasing energy consumption and growing pollutant emissions speak volumes about the environmental challenges in various countries and regions. As one of the fastest-developing countries, China has been facing a serious environmental crisis, with many parts of the country constantly shrouded in a heavy haze. In order to improve the public’s pro-environmental awareness and encourage people to take action to contribute to energy conservation and emissions reduction, Ant Forest, a gamified participatory communication program, was launched on the top mobile payment service Alipay. This innovative approach links people’s low-carbon lifestyles with afforestation and haze control in the real world through virtual gaming experiences. This case study explains the working mechanism of Ant Forest in pro-environmental communication and investigates its effectiveness in motivating the public to engage in pro-environmental activities. Focus groups and interviews were adopted in this study to collect qualitative data. The results indicate that Ant Forest plays an encouraging role in Chinese users’ pro-environmental awareness and behaviors, but improvements in user experiences are still needed in some aspects. By introducing the haze problem in China and the practice of gamified participatory pro-environmental communication, this paper is expected to provide inspiration and reference for future efforts to promote public participation in environmental protection.

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“…Long-term HW can not only break the situation of human harmonious life, but also seriously threaten the natural changes of global climate. Therefore, how to lessen the occurrence of HW and improve air quality has become a hot topic in the world [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress of HP Characteristics, Hazards, Control Technologies, and Measures in China after 2013

Wei

Wang

2019

Atmosphere

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In recent years, hazy weather (hazy weather (HW) has frequently invaded peoples’ lives in China, resulting in the disturbance of social operation, so it is urgent to resolve the haze pollution (HP) problem. A comprehensive understanding of HP is essential to further effectively alleviate or even eliminate it. In this study, HP characteristics in China, after 2013, were presented. It was found that the situation of HP is getting better year by year while it has been a pattern of high levels in the north and low levels in the south. In most regions of China, the contribution of a secondary source for HP is relatively large, and that of traffic is greater in the regions with rapid economic development. Hazards of HP were then summarized. Not only does HP cause harm to human health, but it also has effects on human production and quality of life, furthermore, property and atmospheric environment cannot be ignored. Next, the source and non-source control technologies of HP were first reviewed to recognize the weakness of HP control in China. This review provides more systematic information about HP problems and the future development directions of HP research were proposed to further effectively control HP in China.

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Source apportionment and health risk assessment among specific age groups during haze and non-haze episodes in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Cited by 114 publications

References 86 publications

Non-polar organic compounds in autumn and winter aerosols in a typical city of eastern China: size distribution and impact of gas–particle partitioning on PM<sub>2.5</sub> source apportionment

Non-polar organic compounds in autumn and winter aerosols in a typical city of eastern China: size distribution and impact of gas–particle partitioning on PM<sub>2.5</sub> source apportionment

Ant Forest through the Haze: A Case Study of Gamified Participatory Pro-Environmental Communication in China

Research Progress of HP Characteristics, Hazards, Control Technologies, and Measures in China after 2013

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Source apportionment and health risk assessment among specific age groups during haze and non-haze episodes in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Cited by 114 publications

References 86 publications

Non-polar organic compounds in autumn and winter aerosols in a typical city of eastern China: size distribution and impact of gas–particle partitioning on PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; source apportionment

Non-polar organic compounds in autumn and winter aerosols in a typical city of eastern China: size distribution and impact of gas–particle partitioning on PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; source apportionment

Ant Forest through the Haze: A Case Study of Gamified Participatory Pro-Environmental Communication in China

Research Progress of HP Characteristics, Hazards, Control Technologies, and Measures in China after 2013

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Product

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Non-polar organic compounds in autumn and winter aerosols in a typical city of eastern China: size distribution and impact of gas–particle partitioning on PM<sub>2.5</sub> source apportionment

Non-polar organic compounds in autumn and winter aerosols in a typical city of eastern China: size distribution and impact of gas–particle partitioning on PM<sub>2.5</sub> source apportionment