Source apportionment of fine organic aerosol in Mexico City during the MILAGRO experiment 2006

Stone, Elizabeth A.; Snyder, David C.; Sheesley, Rebecca J.; Sullivan, A.; Weber, R. J.; Schauer, James J.

doi:10.5194/acp-8-1249-2008

Cited by 222 publications

(160 citation statements)

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“…Single scattering albedos in the MCMA and downwind are substantially lower than in other areas (such as the eastern United States) (Doran et al, 2007(Doran et al, , 2008Kleinman et al, 2008;Marley et al, 2009a;ParedesMiranda et al, 2009;Thornhill et al, 2008). These results are consistent with the significant amounts of black carbon and light-absorbing PAH coatings observed during these studies as well as during MCMA-2003Stone et al, 2008;Querol et al, 2008). Carbon-14 and stable carbon-13 measurements also have indicated that a major fraction of the total carbonaceous aerosol is coming from recent carbon sources including biomass and agricultural burning activities (Marley et al, 2009a;Aiken et al, 2010).…”

Section: Aerosol Optical Properties and Radiative Influencessupporting

confidence: 81%

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

et al. 2010

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Abstract. MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local And Global Research Observations) is an international collaborative project to examine the behavior and the export of atmospheric emissions from a megacity. The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) -one of the world's largest megacities and North America's most populous city -was selected as the case study to characterize the sources, concentrations, transport, and transformation processes of the gases and fine particles emitted to the MCMA atmosphere and to evaluate the regional and global impacts of these emissions. The findings of this study are relevant to the evolution and impacts of pollution from many other megacities.The measurement phase consisted of a month-long series of carefully coordinated observations of the chemistry and physics of the atmosphere in and near Mexico City duringCorrespondence to: L. T. Molina (ltmolina@mit.edu) March 2006, using a wide range of instruments at ground sites, on aircraft and satellites, and enlisting over 450 scientists from 150 institutions in 30 countries. Three ground supersites were set up to examine the evolution of the primary emitted gases and fine particles. Additional platforms in or near Mexico City included mobile vans containing scientific laboratories and mobile and stationary upward-looking lidars. Seven instrumented research aircraft provided information about the atmosphere over a large region and at various altitudes. Satellite-based instruments peered down into the atmosphere, providing even larger geographical coverage. The overall campaign was complemented by meteorological forecasting and numerical simulations, satellite observations and surface networks. Together, these research observations have provided the most comprehensive characterization of the MCMA's urban and regional atmospheric composition and chemistry that will take years to analyze and evaluate fully.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. L. T. Molina et al.: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformationIn this paper we review over 120 papers resulting from the MILAGRO/INTEX-B Campaign that have been published or submitted, as well as relevant papers from the earlier MCMA-2003 Campaign, with the aim of providing a road map for the scientific community interested in understanding the emissions from a megacity such as the MCMA and their impacts on air quality and climate. This paper describes the measurements performed during MILAGRO and the results obtained on MCMA's atmospheric meteorology and dynamics, emissions of gases and fine particles, sources and concentrations of volatile organic compounds, urban and regional photochemistry, ambient particulate matter, aerosol radiative properties, urban plume characterization, and health studies. A summary of key findings from the field study is presented.

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Section: Aerosol Optical Properties and Radiative Influencessupporting

confidence: 81%

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

et al. 2010

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“…The substrates were then analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method (GC-6980, quadruple MS-5973, Agilent Technologies). Further details regarding this analytical method can be found in Stone et al (2008). In addition to the particle phase measurements, gas-phase aldehydes were also collected on silica vials activated with DNPH and analyzed according to the EPA method TO-11A -1999 (method TO-11A;US-EPA 1999).…”

Section: Time Integrated Chemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental pollution and emission factors of electronic cigarettes, heat-not-burn tobacco products, and conventional cigarettes

Ruprecht

Marco

Saffari

et al. 2017

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The increasing popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and, more recently, the new "heatnot-burn" tobacco products (iQOS) as alternatives to traditional tobacco cigarettes has necessitated further documentation of and research into the composition and potential health risks/benefits of these devices. In a recent study, we compared second-hand exposure to particulate metals and organic compounds from e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes, by conducting continuous and time-integrated measurements in an indoor environment, followed by computing the emission rates of these species using a single-compartment mass balance model. In this study, we have used a similar approach to further expand our previous analyses by characterizing black carbon, metal particles, organic compounds, and size-segregated particle mass and number concentrations emitted from these devices in addition to the newly marketed iQOS. Analysis of the iQOS sidestream smoke indicated that the particulate emission of organic matter from these devices is significantly different depending on the organic compound. While polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were mostly non-detectable in the iQOS smoke, certain n-alkanes, organic acids (such as suberic acid, azelaic acid, and n-alkanoic acids with carbon numbers between 10 and 19) as well as levoglucosan were still emitted in substantial levels from iQOS (up to 2-6 mg/h during a regular smoking regimen). Metal emissions were reduced in iQOS smoke compared to both electronic cigarettes and conventional cigarettes and were mostly similar to the background levels. Another important finding is the presence of carcinogenic aldehyde compounds, including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein, in iQOS smoke, although the levels were substantially lower compared to conventional cigarettes. EDITORYifang Zhu

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“…The relatively low carbonyl content found in 20 Chamonix OA compared to the high carbonyl functionalisation rates measured for the photooxidation experiments (6 to 11%) supports the assumption that the Chamonix winter OA is mainly of primary origin, considering the abundance of carbonyl as a marker for SOA. In a recent study conduced at Mexico City, FTIR functional groups analyses have pointed out low functionalisation rates for carbonyls (0 to 1.5%) ) whereas SOA, mainly from biogenic origin, was a major fraction of OA (Stone et al, 2008;Hodzic et al, 2009). This result suggests that carbonyl abundance can not be considered as an univocal marker of SOA.…”

Section: Chamonix Urban Background Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional group composition of ambient and source organic aerosols determined by tandem mass spectrometry

et al. 2010

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Abstract. The functional group composition of various organic aerosols (OA) is investigated using a recently developed analytical approach based on atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry (APCI-MS/MS). The determinations of three functional groups contents are performed quantitatively by neutral loss (carboxylic and carbonyl groups, R-COOH and R-CO-R respectively) and precursor ion (nitro groups, R-NO 2 ) scanning modes of a tandem mass spectrometer. Major organic aerosol sources are studied: vehicular emission and wood combustion for primary aerosol sources; and a secondary organic aerosol (SOA) produced through photooxidation of o-xylene. The results reveal significant differences in the functional group contents of these source aerosols. The laboratory generated SOA is dominated by carbonyls while carboxylics are preponderate in the wood combustion particles. On the other hand, vehicular emissions are characterised by a strong nitro content. The total amount of the three functional groups accounts for 1.7% (vehicular) to 13.5% (o-xylene photooxidation) of the organic carbon. Diagnostic functional group ratios are then used to tentatively discriminate sources of particles collected in an urban background environment located in an Alpine valley (Chamonix, France) during a strong winter pollution event. The three functional groups under study account for a total functionalisation rate of 2.2 to 3.8% of the organic carbon in this ambient aerosol, which is also domiCorrespondence to: J. Dron (julien.dron@cea.fr) nated by carboxylic moieties. In this particular case study of a deep alpine valley during winter, we show that the nitroand carbonyl-to-carboxylic diagnostic ratios can be a useful tool to discriminate sources. In these conditions, the total OA concentrations are highly dominated by wood combustion OA. This result is confirmed by an organic markers source apportionment approach which assess a wood burning organic carbon contribution of about 60%. Finally, examples of functional group mass spectra of all aerosols under study are presented, and additional perspectives offered by the mass spectra in terms of OA characterisation are discussed.

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Source apportionment of fine organic aerosol in Mexico City during the MILAGRO experiment 2006

Cited by 222 publications

References 40 publications

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

Environmental pollution and emission factors of electronic cigarettes, heat-not-burn tobacco products, and conventional cigarettes

Functional group composition of ambient and source organic aerosols determined by tandem mass spectrometry

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