Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from polluted rivers

Moyo, Stanley; McCrindle, Rob I.; Mokgalaka, Ntebogeng S.; Myburgh, Jan G.; Mujuru, Munyaradzi

doi:10.1351/pac-con-12-10-08

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…Results showed that ratios of Flu/Pyr, Flu/(Flu+Pyr), and LMW/HMW in sediment and water from all stations were <1, between 0.4-0.5, except St 1 that were not available for PAHs in water, and <1, respectively. Those results suggested that mixed sources were derived from petroleum, petroleum combustion, and pyrogenic sources [41]. These results were also supported by a cross plot diagram between BaA/228 vs Flu/(Flu+Pyr), Ant/178 vs Flu/(Flu+Pyr), Ant/(Ant+Phe) vs Flu/(Flu+Pyr), Phe/Ant vs Flu/Py, and BaP/(BaP+Chr) vs Ant/(Ant+Phe) (Fig.4).…”

Section: The Sources Of Pahssupporting

confidence: 62%

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Brackish Water and Sediments of Citarum Irrigation System, Pakis Jaya, Karawang, Indonesia

et al. 2020

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Fifteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in the sediments and brackish water of Citarum Irrigation System (CIS), Pakis Jaya, Karawang Regency. The samples were analyzed with liquid-liquid extraction for brackish water and Soxhlet Extraction for sediments. The final concentration of PAHs was determined with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and the origins of PAHs were identified through diagnostic ratios method. The total PAH concentrations ranged from 1782 to 2386.88 ng/L in water and from 113 to 405 ng/g dry weight (dw) in sediments. The concentration of total PAHs in sediment was lower than the SQG effects range-low (3442 ng/g). High molecular weight of PAHs dominated both in sediments and water. The origins of PAHs in the sediment and water-based on diagnostic ratios were from petrogenic and pyrogenic sources including petroleum, petroleum combustion, and combustion of organic materials. Overall, environmental conditions in the Citarum irrigation system and its river mouth was moderate level of PAHs contamination. * Corresponding authors:

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Section: The Sources Of Pahssupporting

confidence: 62%

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Brackish Water and Sediments of Citarum Irrigation System, Pakis Jaya, Karawang, Indonesia

et al. 2020

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“… Phen phenanthrene, Anth anthracene, Chry chrysene, BaA benzo[a]anthracene, Flt fluoranthene, Pyr pyrene, InPy indeno(123,cd)pyrene, BghiP benzo[g,h,i]perylene, LMW low molecular weight, HMW high molecular weight (Moyo et al 2013 ; Adeniji et al 2018a , b ) …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Water and Sediment of Buffalo River Estuary, South Africa and Their Health Risk Assessment

Adeniji

Okoh

2019

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

183

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The incidence and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Buffalo River Estuary in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa were assessed in this study. A total of 60 surface water and 19 sediment samples were collected from 5 sites of the estuary over a period of 6 months (December 2015 to May 2016). Extraction of PAHs from the water and sediment samples was achieved by using liquid–liquid and soxhlet extraction methods respectively, followed by column clean up with silica gel and quantification by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection. Individual PAH levels in the water and sediment samples ranged from not detected (ND) to 24.91 μg/L and ND to 7792 μg/kg, respectively. Total concentrations of the PAHs in the water and sediment samples varied as 14.91–206 μg/L and 1107–22,310 μg/kg in that order. Total levels of the contaminants were above the target values in the two matrices and were higher in summer than autumn. Although the noncarcinogenic risk of PAHs estimated in the water column through dermal absorption was very low compared with the target value, the carcinogenic risk determined was high for both adults and children. Similarly, benzo(a)pyrene and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene were found to be of higher carcinogenic and mutagenic risks in the sediments collected from the study area. Diagnostic ratios suggest that the target hydrocarbons are predominantly from pyrolytic sources. It therefore could be inferred that the water body is conspicuously polluted; hence, efforts should be made to control all the activities contributing to such magnitude of pollution at the sites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution pattern and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the water and sediment of Algoa Bay, South Africa

Adeniji

Okoh

2018

Environ Geochem Health

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are amongst the pollutants of major concern in the terrestrial and aquatic habitats. They are mostly characterised by carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects. Distribution and potential health risks of sixteen priority PAHs in the water and sediment samples collected between December 2015 and June 2016 from Algoa Bay, South Africa, were evaluated. Water and sediment samples collected were extracted with liquid–liquid and soxhlet extraction methods, respectively, and then cleaned up using glass column loaded with silica gel. Final concentrations of the target PAHs were determined by gas chromatography interfaced with flame ionization detector. Results indicated that individual PAH concentrations in surface water, bottom water and sediment samples ranged from not detected (ND) to 24.66 µg/L, ND to 22.81 µg/L and ND to 5.23 mg/kg correspondingly. Total PAHs concentrations varied as 12.78–78.94 µg/L, 1.20–90.51 µg/L and 1.17–10.47 mg/kg in the three environmental matrices in that order. The non-carcinogenic risk was generally below 1, whereas risk indices (dermal contact) were above the acceptable limit of 1 × 10 −4 in the water column, suggesting possible carcinogenic effects to humans, with adults being the most vulnerable. Similarly, highest contributions to TEQs and MEQs in the sediments were made by benzo(a)pyrene and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, the two most toxic congeners, signifying the possibility of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity in humans. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs reflect a prevailing pyrogenic input all through. The pollution was albeit moderate, yet regular check is recommended to ensure safe and healthy environment for human and aquatic lives. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10653-018-0213-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from polluted rivers

Cited by 31 publications

References 105 publications

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Brackish Water and Sediments of Citarum Irrigation System, Pakis Jaya, Karawang, Indonesia

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Brackish Water and Sediments of Citarum Irrigation System, Pakis Jaya, Karawang, Indonesia

Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Water and Sediment of Buffalo River Estuary, South Africa and Their Health Risk Assessment

Distribution pattern and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the water and sediment of Algoa Bay, South Africa

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