Source Apportionment of Total Suspended Particles (TSP) by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) Modeling in Ahvaz, Iran

Ashrafi, Khosro; Fallah, Reza; Hadei, Mostafa; Yarahmadi, Marayam; Shahsavani, Abbas

doi:10.1007/s00244-017-0500-z

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…PM 2.5 was collected on 47 mm quartz filters at a flow rate of 20 L/min. Before sampling, the filters were washed with doubledistilled water, and placed in an oven at 100-105°C for 2 h [93]. After sampling, the filters were stored in aluminum foil at − 10°C to prevent evaporation and photodegradation of PM components.…”

Section: Exposure Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine the elemental composition of PM, onehalf of filters were shredded, and put into a Teflon container with 2.5 ml of concentrated of HClO 4 (70%) and 2.5 ml HNO 3 (69%). Samples were heated at 170°C for 4 h, and dried on a hot plate at 100 C. After adding 2.5 ml of double-distilled water and 2.5 ml of HNO 3 ,the samples were shaken at 180 rpm for 30 min [93]. Finally, the samples were filtered through Whatman No.…”

Section: Exposure Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of PM2.5 and gases exposure during prenatal and early-life on autism–like phenotypes in male rat offspring

et al. 2020

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Background: Epidemiological studies have reported associations between elevated air pollution and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, we hypothesized that exposure to air pollution that mimics real world scenarios, is a potential contributor to ASD. The exact etiology and molecular mechanisms underlying ASD are not well understood. Thus, we assessed whether changes in OXTR levels may be part of the mechanism linking PM 2.5 /gaseous pollutant exposure and ASD. The current in-vivo study investigated the effect of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) and gaseous pollutants on ASD using behavioral and molecular experiments. Four exposure groups of Wistar rats were included in this study: 1) particulate matter and gaseous pollutants exposed (PGE), 2) gaseous pollutants only exposed (GE), 3) autism-like model (ALM) with VPA induction, and 4) clean air exposed (CAE) as the control. Pregnant dams and male pups were exposed to air pollutants from embryonic day (E0) to postnatal day (PND21). Results: The average ± SD concentrations of air pollutants were: PM 2.5 : 43.8 ± 21.1 μg/m 3 , CO: 13.5 ± 2.5 ppm, NO 2 : 0.341 ± 0.100 ppm, SO 2 : 0.275 ± 0.07 ppm, and O 3 : 0.135 ± 0.01 ppm. The OXTR protein level, catalase activity (CAT), and GSH concentrations in the ALM, PGE, and GE rats were lower than those in control group (CAE). However, the decrements in the GE rats were smaller than other groups. Also in behavioral assessments, the ALM, PGE, and GE rats demonstrated a repetitive /restricted behavior and poor social interaction, but the GE rats had weaker responses compared to other groups of rats. The PGE and GE rats showed similar trends in these tests compared to the VPA rats. Conclusions: This study suggested that exposure to ambient air pollution contributed to ASD and that OXTR protein may serve as part of the mechanism linking them.

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Section: Exposure Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exposure Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of PM2.5 and gases exposure during prenatal and early-life on autism–like phenotypes in male rat offspring

et al. 2020

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“…Filters were changed every 2 days (48 hour samples). Before the sampling, the lters were washed with doubledistilled water, and placed in an oven at 100-105 °C for 2 hours [97]. After sampling and for preventing of evaporation, and photodegradation of PM components, the lters were stored in aluminum foil at -10 °C.…”

Section: Exposure Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lters were shredded, and put into a Te on container with 2.5 ml of concentrated of HClO 4 (70%), and 2.5 ml HNO 3 (69%), heated at 170 °C for 4 hr, and taken to dryness on a hot plate at 100 . Then 2.5 ml of double-distilled water and 2.5 ml of HNO 3 was added and, the samples were shaken at 180 rpm for 30 min [97]. Finally, the solutions were ltered through a Whatman No.…”

Section: Exposure Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollutants reinforce autism–like behavior in the VPA-Induced – rat model of autism

Emam

Shahsavani

Khodagholi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Studies reporting associations between ambient air pollution exposure and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have increased. Additionally, the effects of valproic acid (VPA) on ASD have been investigated. Pregnant women may have been simultaneously exposed to air pollution and antiepileptic drugs especially VPA. Thus, we hypothesized that simultaneous exposure to air pollution and valproic acid could reinforce ASD ̉s behaviors in male rats. The current in-vivo study investigated the dual effects of air pollution on the VPA-induced rat model of autism using molecular and behavioral experiments.Results: Seven exposure groups of rats included: 1) particulate matter and gaseous pollutants exposed - high dose of VPA (PGE-high), 2) particulate matter and gaseous pollutants exposed - low dose of VPA (PGE-low), 3) gaseous pollutants only exposed – high dose of VPA (GE-high), 4) gaseous pollutants only exposed –low dose of VPA (GE-low), 5) clean air exposed – high dose of VPA (CAE-high), 6) clean air exposed – low dose of VPA (CAE-low), 7) clean air exposed with no VPA injection (CAE). Rats were exposed to ambient PM2.5/gaseous pollutants from embryonic day (E0) to postnatal day (PND42). Exposures to air pollutants in PGE-high, PGE-low, GE-high and GE-low groups of rat increased the ASD behaviors including: poor locomotor activity, weaker exploration activity, impaired social interaction, communication, and repetitive/restricted behavior as well as decreased oxidative stress biomarkers like catalase (CAT) activity and GSH, and decreased level of oxytocin receptor (OXTR) compared to the negative control group (CAE) and the other two control group (CAE-low and CAE-high).Conclusions: This study suggested that simultaneous exposure to both air pollution and valproic acid contributed to ASD, and air pollution reinforces the mechanism of inducing ASD ̉s in VPA-induced –rat model of autism, and it has provided a future field of studies on the synergistic effects of air pollution

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“…Factor 6 was mainly dominated by secondary inorganic ions (e.g., SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , and NH 4 + ) with moderate OC, which was typical for secondary formation and included in a secondary category [61]. Na + had relatively high loading in factor 6 probably because secondary source was mixed with some transported marine aerosol [62,63], especially in EP2. The 72-h back trajectories showed that air masses originated from marine atmosphere before reaching the receptor (Figure 4).…”

Section: Primary Sources Of Wsoc Determined By the Pmf Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant Contribution of Primary Sources to Water-Soluble Organic Carbon During Spring in Beijing, China

et al. 2020

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Despite the significant role water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) plays in climate and human health, sources and formation mechanisms of atmospheric WSOC are still unclear; especially in some heavily polluted areas. In this study, near real-time WSOC measurement was conducted in Beijing for the first time with a particle-into-liquid-sampler coupled to a total organic carbon analyzer during the springtime, together with collocated online measurements of other chemical components in fine particulate matter with a 1 h time resolution, including elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), multiple metals, and water-soluble ions. Good correlations of WSOC with primary OC, as well as carbon monoxide, indicated that major sources of WSOC were primary instead of secondary during the study period. The positive matrix factorization model-based source apportionment results quantified that 68 ± 19% of WSOC could be attributed to primary sources, with predominant contributions by biomass burning during the study period. This finding was further confirmed by the estimate with the modified EC-tracer method, suggesting significant contribution of primary sources to WSOC. However, the relative contribution of secondary source to WSOC increased during haze episodes. The WSOC/OC ratio exhibited similar diurnal distributions with O3 and correlated well with secondary WSOC, suggesting that the WSOC/OC ratio might act as an indicator of secondary formation when WSOC was dominated by primary sources. This study provided evidence that primary sources could be major sources of WSOC in some polluted megacities, such as Beijing. From this study, it can be seen that WSOC cannot be simply used as a surrogate of secondary organic aerosol, and its major sources could vary by season and location.

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Source Apportionment of Total Suspended Particles (TSP) by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) Modeling in Ahvaz, Iran

Cited by 23 publications

References 40 publications

Effects of PM2.5 and gases exposure during prenatal and early-life on autism–like phenotypes in male rat offspring

Effects of PM2.5 and gases exposure during prenatal and early-life on autism–like phenotypes in male rat offspring

Air pollutants reinforce autism–like behavior in the VPA-Induced – rat model of autism

Significant Contribution of Primary Sources to Water-Soluble Organic Carbon During Spring in Beijing, China

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