Source apportionment of volatile organic compounds measured in Edmonton, Alberta

McCarthy, Michael C.; Aklilu, Yayne-abeba; Brown, Samantha M.; Lyder, David

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.09.016

Cited by 108 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Butane, various pentanes and methylated pentanes are clearly associated with fuel evaporation by McCarthy et al, (2013). Liu et al, (2008) showed that methylated pentanes and butane are highly enriched in gasoline headspace samples.…”

Section: Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factor 4 is heavily loaded with 2-methylhexane, 3-methylhexane, n-dodecane with loadings of BTEX compounds and nonane. This is a typical diesel factor as diesel emissions are characterized by heavy hydrocarbons, including undecane, decane, dodecane (Ho et al, 2009;McCarthy et al, 2013;Song et al, 2008b). Particularly dodecane is a good tracer for diesel emissions (McCarthy et al, 2013;Schauer et al, 1996;Uzunpınar, 2015).…”

Section: Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methylated butanes (Kota et al, 2014), isopentane (Kota et al, 2014) and cyclohexane (McCarthy et al, 2013) are tracers for evaporative emissions from vehicles. Monthly variations of Factor 1 and Factor 2 scores are quite similar with similar variation in winter and summer.…”

Section: Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Source Identification of VOCs In METU Campus Through Factor Analysis

Uzunpınar¹,

Sert²,

Kilavuz³

et al. 2018

Global NEST Journal

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In this study, 51 ozone precursor VOCs, which are routinely measured in PAMS (Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Station) were measured in a suburban station located at Middle East Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department in, Ankara. Daily air samples were collected in evacuated canisters between JanuaryDecember, 2014. Collected samples were analyzed with GC-FID system and concentrations of 51 VOCs were determined. Mean VOC concentrations ranged between 0.048±0.061 µg m -3 (cis-2-penten) and 10±13 µg m-3 (toluene). Average benzene concentration was 1.49 ± 1.74 μg m -3. Factor Analysis (FA) was applied to determine the major sources of VOCs that contribute to the measured concentrations in the university campus. FA application revealed nine factors that can be grouped under four major components, including (1) transportation: gasoline vehicle exhaust emissions, evaporative losses from gasoline vehicles, gasoline evaporation in gas stations and diesel emissions, (2) industrial emissions: industrial evaporation and industrial application, (3) solvent emissions: surface coatings and solvent use and (4) asphalt application.

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Section: Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Source Identification of VOCs In METU Campus Through Factor Analysis

Uzunpınar¹,

Sert²,

Kilavuz³

et al. 2018

Global NEST Journal

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“…Ethane and propane are the most abundant non-methane hydrocarbon compounds in the composition of natural gas (Xiao et al, 2008;McCarthy et al, 2013). The ratios of i-butane/n-butane indicated the butanes were from the natural gas (section 3.3).…”

Section: Natural Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another dominant compound in the urban air is propane (1. 14.7 ppbv), which is the main component of liquid petroleum gas/natural gas (LPG/NG) (McCarthy et al, 2013). In industrial areas, alkanes and alkenes contribute most to the total VOCs (43.4-97.4% and 1.8-30.0%, respectively) with ethane, propane (Fig.…”

Section: Voc Levels and Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One year monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from an oil-gas station in northwest China

Zheng

Kong

Xing

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Oil and natural gas are important energy supply around the world. The exploring, drilling, transportation, and processing in oil-gas regions can release abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To understand the atmospheric behaviors of VOCs in such region, the fifty-six VOCs designed as the photochemical precursors by the United State 15Environmental Protection Agency were continuously measured for an entire year (September 2014-August 2015) by a set of on-line monitor system at an oil-gas station in northwest China. The VOC concentrations in this study were 1-50 times higher than those measured in many other urban and industrial regions. The VOC compositions were also different from other studies with alkanes contributing up to 87.5% of the total VOCs in this study. According to the propylene-equivalent concentration and maximum incremental reactivity method, alkanes were identified as the most important VOC groups to the ozone 20 formation potential. The photochemical reaction, meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity, pressure, and wind speed) and boundary layer height were found to influence the temporal variations of VOCs at different time scales. The positive matrix factorization analysis showed that the natural gas, fuel evaporation, combustion sources, oil refining process, and asphalt contributed 62.6%, 21.5%, 10.9%, 3.8%, and 1.3%, respectively to the total VOCs on the annual average. Clear temporal variations differed from one source to another was observed, due to their differences in source emission strength and 25 the influence of meteorological parameters. Potential source contribution function and contribution weighted trajectory models based on backward trajectories indicated that five identified sources had similar geographic origins. Raster analysis based on CWT analysis indicated that the local emissions contributed 48.4%-74.6% to the VOCs. This research filled the gaps in understanding the VOCs in the oil-gas field region, where exhibited different source emission behaviors compared with the urban/industrial regions. 30

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Temporal Variations of O3 and NO x in the Urban Background Atmosphere of Nanjing, East China

Shi

Wang

et al. 2016

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Rapid economic growth has given rise to a significant increase in ozone (O3)-precursor emissions in many regions of China. An improved understanding of O3 formation in response to different precursor emissions is imperative to address the highly nonlinear O3 problem and to provide a solid scientific basis for efficient O3 abatement in these regions. To this end, this study was performed in Nanjing using a set of observational data from June 1, 2013, to May 31, 2014. The results showed that O3 concentrations were positively correlated with wind speed and temperature and were significantly negatively correlated with relative humidity. The highest monthly daytime, nighttime, and daily average O3 concentrations were observed in summer with values of approximately 46, 18 and 30 ppb, respectively. The lowest O3 concentrations were observed in November through January with values as low as 17, 4, and 9 ppb for the daytime, nighttime, and daily concentrations, respectively. The highest daytime average NO and NO2 concentrations were observed in December, whereas the lowest concentrations were observed in July. A unimodal O3 peak was observed with the highest O3 levels in summer followed by spring and then autumn; the lowest levels observed in the winter. The O3 concentration reached maximum levels at 14:00 to 15:00 h (local standard time). It was found that the crossover occurred with approximately several hours difference with the earliest occurring in summer (06:00 h) followed by spring (08:00 h), autumn (09:00 h), and winter (10:30 h). Furthermore, the highest constant rate of O3 accumulation was observed in summer (5.6 ppb/h) followed by autumn (4.8 ppb/h), spring (4.5 ppb/h), and winter (2.7 ppb/h). The oxidant intercept ranged from 28.4 ppb in January to 58.6 ppb in June, although the slope also shows substantial variation from 0.18 in June to 0.67 in August. The weekend effect is stronger in spring and summer than in autumn and winter and is more intense on Sundays than on Saturdays. Thus, the decrease of O3 levels during weekends suggests that it may be NO x -sensitive.

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Source apportionment of volatile organic compounds measured in Edmonton, Alberta

Cited by 108 publications

References 30 publications

Source Identification of VOCs In METU Campus Through Factor Analysis

Source Identification of VOCs In METU Campus Through Factor Analysis

One year monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from an oil-gas station in northwest China

Temporal Variations of O3 and NO x in the Urban Background Atmosphere of Nanjing, East China

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