Source Fault Model of the 1771 Yaeyama Tsunami, Southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan, Inferred from Numerical Simulation

Nakamura, Mamoru

doi:10.1007/s00024-005-0007-9

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Therefore, based on our model calculations, the Ryukyu subduction falls in the higher range of convergence rates in a region of the Andeantype (Stern, 2002). Uyeda and Kanamori (1979) classified subduction zones into two types depending on whether or not they were asso- Sella et al (2002), c Kreemer et al (2003), d Velocity of GPS baseline length changes between islands of Okinawa and Kita Daito island, e Velocity of back-arc basin rifting (Nakamura, 2006). ciated with actively opening back-arc basins.…”

Section: Convergence Rate and Age Of Oceanic Platementioning

confidence: 90%

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Is the Ryukyu subduction zone in Japan coupled or decoupled? —The necessity of seafloor crustal deformation observation

et al. 2009

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The 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of M w 9.3 occurred in a region where a giant earthquake seemed unlikely from the point of view of tectonics. This clearly implies that our current understanding of strain accumulation processes of large earthquakes at subduction zones needs to be reexamined. The Ryukyu subduction zone is one such zone since no large earthquake has been anticipated there for reasons similar those pertaining to the Sumatra-Andaman arc. Based on our analysis of historical earthquakes, plate motion, back-arc spreading, and GPS observation along the Ryukyu trench, we highly recommend monitoring seafloor crustal deformation along this trench to clarify whether a large earthquake (M w > 8) could potentially occur there in the future.

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Section: Convergence Rate and Age Of Oceanic Platementioning

confidence: 90%

“…It should be noted that this pattern can not be explained by a tsunami caused by a large subduction earthquake (M w ≥ 8.0). Nakamura (2006) proposed that the tsunami was most probably caused by a shallow normal fault running east of Ishigaki Island with a fault length of 30 km and M w = 7.0.…”

Section: Ryukyu Trenchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Ryukyu subduction zone in Japan coupled or decoupled? —The necessity of seafloor crustal deformation observation

et al. 2009

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“…In April 1771, a subduction earthquake generated a very large tsunami that struck the south Ryukyu Islands and killed approximately 12,000 people (Ando et al 2009;Matsumoto et al 2009;Nakamura 2006Nakamura , 2009. Reef boulders of building size were transported by the tsunami to beaches along the east and southeast coasts of Ishigaki Island (Goto et al 2010), which suggests that the source of the tsunami was located east and southeast of Ishigaki Island (Figure 2d).…”

Section: Tsunamogenic Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could a Sumatra-like megathrust earthquake occur in the south Ryukyu subduction zone?

et al. 2014

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A comparison of the geological and geophysical environments between the Himalaya-Sumatra and Taiwan-Ryukyu collision-subduction systems revealed close tectonic similarities. Both regions are characterized by strongly oblique convergent processes and dominated by similar tectonic stress regimes. In the two areas, the intersections of the oceanic fracture zones with the subduction systems are characterized by trench-parallel high free-air gravity anomaly features in the fore-arcs and the epicenters of large earthquakes were located at the boundary between the positive and negative gravity anomalies. These event distributions and high-gravity anomalies indicate a strong coupling degree of the intersection area, which was probably induced by a strong resistance of the fracture features during the subduction. Moreover, the seismicity distribution in the Ryukyu area was very similar to the pre-seismic activity pattern of the 2004 Sumatra event. That is, thrust-type earthquakes with a trench-normal P-axis occurred frequently along the oceanward side of the mainshock, whereas only a few thrust earthquakes occurred along the continentward side. Therefore, the aseismic area located west of 128°E in the western Ryukyu subduction zone could have resulted from the strong plate locking effect beneath the high gravity anomaly zone. By analogy with the tectonic environment of the Sumatra subduction zone, the occurrence of a potential Sumatra-like earthquake in the south Ryukyu arc is highly likely and the rupture will mainly propagate continentward to fulfill the region of low seismicity (approximately 125°E to 129°E; 23°N to 26.5°N), which may generate a hazardous tsunami.

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“…The numerical method adopts the leap-frog implicit differential method to solve dispersive shallow water equations in Cartesian coordinates (Nakamura 2006). For smoothly continuous grid boundaries, we perform the simulations from far-coastal to onshore regions.…”

Section: Tsunami Numerical Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunami Folklore and Possible Tsunami Source on the Eastern Coast of Taiwan

Ando¹,

Nakamura²,

Lin³

2013

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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Folklore tells of a large sea wave that struck an area of Chenggong on the eastern coast of Taiwan. This event is estimated to have occurred in the middle of the 19 th century based on an oral history of the area. Despite an estimated run-up height of more than 18 m, no other folklore related to a tsunami has been found in areas adjacent to the site for several reasons. Considering the importance of understanding the dangers posed to the eastern coast of Taiwan, numerical tsunami simulations were carried out to study localized amplification effects. Three tsunami sources were studied: (1) the westernmost portion of the Ryukyu trench, (2) offshore of Chenggong and (3) the source of the 1771 Yaeyama tsunami along the Ryukyu trench. Numerical simulations using detailed bathymetric maps reveal that possible tsunami waves are not significantly amplified around Chenggong; the eastern coast of Taiwan should have been affected by the 19 th century tsunami if it was large enough. This study emphasizes the importance of investigation of paleo-tsunamis along the eastern coast of Taiwan to assess the risk for future tsunami hazards.

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Source Fault Model of the 1771 Yaeyama Tsunami, Southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan, Inferred from Numerical Simulation

Cited by 35 publications

References 14 publications

Is the Ryukyu subduction zone in Japan coupled or decoupled? —The necessity of seafloor crustal deformation observation

Is the Ryukyu subduction zone in Japan coupled or decoupled? —The necessity of seafloor crustal deformation observation

Could a Sumatra-like megathrust earthquake occur in the south Ryukyu subduction zone?

Tsunami Folklore and Possible Tsunami Source on the Eastern Coast of Taiwan

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