Source memory that encoding was self-referential: the influence of stimulus characteristics

Durbin, Kelly A.; Mitchell, Karen; Johnson, Marcia K.

doi:10.1080/09658211.2017.1282517

Cited by 46 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…This is consistent with prior research (e.g., Durbin et al, 2017;Leshikar et al, 2015) and with arguments that self-referenced, negative information is remembered worse because it is less easily connected to the self and therefore effects are primarily evident in source memory (see Durbin et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…For example, when participants had decided during encoding whether or not a positive adjective was self-descriptive (responding yes or no), they were subsequently more likely to respond "self" rather than "common" or "don't know" when asked which judgment they had been asked to make for that adjective. Replicating this result, Durbin, Mitchell, and Johnson (2017) also found that source memory was better for positive self-referenced words compared to semantic judgment words.…”

Section: The Self-reference Paradigmsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Self-referential processing may produce an advantage in item memory regardless of item valence because of greater attention to the item or deeper processing of the item, without necessarily connecting the item to the self (i.e., binding it to contextual details; see Durbin et al, 2017). In turn, valence differences may be present in source memory because judgments about the type of processing present at encoding would rely on remembering the connection to the self.…”

Section: The Self-reference Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have found that recognition is better for self-referenced items than other-referenced items or semantic judgment items (Carson et al, 2015;D'Argembeau et al, 2005;Durbin et al, 2017;Leshikar et al, 2015;Yang, Truong, Fuss, & Bislimovic, 2012).…”

Section: Self-enhancement In the Self-reference Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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I remember Being Nice: Self-Enhancement Memory Bias in Adults and Children

Rowell

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Adults tend to remember themselves in a positive way. For example, they are more likely to remember their past good deeds rather than their bad deeds, which may help them to maintain good mental health and high self-esteem. In contrast, adults tend to have a negativity bias in memory for other people's actions, remembering more of their bad deeds than their good ones. This is also adaptive in that it may help them avoid harmful individuals in the future. In the studies presented here, I ask whether children are also biased to remember their own good deeds better than their bad deeds. I additionally address whether this bias is linked to children's developing self-concepts and to socialization practices during parent-child conversations about the past.Study 1 showed that a well-known memory paradigm can be used to address questions about how well children and adults remember positively and negatively valenced material encoded in relation to themselves and others. Study 1a found that adults remembered nice verbs encoded with reference to themselves better than mean verbs encoded with reference to themselves or mean verbs encoded with reference to someone else. These memory differences were present even when statistical models were used that separated actual remembering from guessing strategies. Study 2 then found this same bias in 8-to 10-year-old children, providing some of the first experimental evidence for self-enhancement in children's memory. Study 3 replicated the findings of Study 1a and sought to address potential mechanisms of selfenhancement bias. Imagine that you get angry and yell at a friend, insulting her and bringing her to tears. Now imagine instead that this friend does the very same thing to you. Will your memory be similarly accurate for both events? Will you be just as likely to recall either event later on? There are many influences on memory that could help predict how well you would remember either event, such as emotional content or distinctiveness. Importantly, there are also factors that only apply to one scenario or the other-functional aspects of memory that lead to a divergence in how well these two events would be remembered. Table of ContentsIn the first scenario, you are the perpetrator of a transgression and because of this, your self-concept will have an important influence on how you remember what happens. Adults generally have a positive view of themselves which leads them to remember themselves in a positive way (Greenwald, 1980). Thus, you are more likely to remember nice things you have done than neutral or mean things. Remembering more of our positive past actions is beneficial in that it may contribute to good mental health (see Taylor & Brown, 1988) and help people in Western cultures live up to the standards of their culture by maintaining high self-esteem , which then continues to perpetuate memory bias.In the second scenario, your friend is the perpetrator of the transgression and you are merely the recipient of their actions. Thus, your self-concept is less o...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: The Self-reference Paradigmsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: The Self-reference Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Self-enhancement In the Self-reference Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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I remember Being Nice: Self-Enhancement Memory Bias in Adults and Children

Rowell

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“…Other evidence suggests that self-referential processing may improve source memory (i.e., source self-referential effect, e.g., Durbin, Mitchell, & Johnson, 2017) in young adults.…”

Section: The Self and Source Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The cognitive neuroscience of source memory: Moving the ball forward

Mitchell

MacPherson

2017

Cortex

Self Cite

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Self‐referential processing in anorexia nervosa

Gu,

Aimufua,

Pagliaccio

et al. 2024

Intl J Eating Disorders

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ObjectiveAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious psychiatric illness associated with significant medical and psychiatric comorbidity and impairment. Theoretical models of AN and self‐report studies suggest that negative self‐evaluation (i.e., low self‐esteem) is related to the development and maintenance of AN. The goal of this study was to extend findings from self‐report methodology using a neurocognitive task that probes self‐evaluation implicitly and explicitly.MethodWe compared female adolescent and adult patients with AN (n = 35) and healthy controls (HC, n = 38) on explicit (i.e., endorsement of words as self‐relevant), implicit (recall, recognition, reaction time), and composite (i.e., valence index, bias score, drift rates) indices of self‐evaluation. We applied a drift‐diffusion model to compute the drift rates, reflecting participants' decision‐making process as to whether words were self‐relevant. The association between self‐evaluation indices and eating disorder severity was examined.ResultsThere were significant Group × Condition interaction effects for all explicit and implicit measures (all p's ≤ .01), where the AN group endorsed, recalled, and recognized more negative relative to positive words than HC. The AN group had more negative valence index and bias scores, and slower drift rate away from negative words, reflecting more negative self‐evaluation. The finding for recall was attenuated when individuals with depression were excluded. Measures of self‐evaluation bias were not related to eating disorder severity.DiscussionUsing a neurocognitive approach that includes explicit and implicit indices of bias, results suggest that patients with AN have more negative self‐evaluation. Due to the cross‐sectional design, additional studies are needed to further evaluate directionality.Public SignificanceNegative self‐evaluation/low self‐esteem is thought to contribute to eating disorder symptoms. Findings of this study using a neurocognitive task to probe self‐evaluation suggested that individuals with anorexia nervosa have more negative self‐evaluation, reflected by endorsing and remembering more negative (than positive) words compared to healthy controls, and doing so faster. Targeting the construct of negative self‐evaluation in treatment of AN may be warranted.

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Source memory that encoding was self-referential: the influence of stimulus characteristics

Cited by 46 publications

References 45 publications

I remember Being Nice: Self-Enhancement Memory Bias in Adults and Children

I remember Being Nice: Self-Enhancement Memory Bias in Adults and Children

The cognitive neuroscience of source memory: Moving the ball forward

Self‐referential processing in anorexia nervosa

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