Source-monitoring deficits for self-generated stimuli in schizophrenia: multinomial modeling of data from three sources

Keefe, Richard S.E.; Arnold, Mark; Bayen, Ute J.; McEvoy, Joseph P.; Wilson, William H.

doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(01)00306-1

Cited by 158 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In patients, associations between detection accuracy and symptoms were less convincing, although there was suggestive evidence that this association may only be detectable in patients off antipsychotic medication. The finding that self-monitoring in patients with psychosis was significantly worse than in healthy controls is in line with a large body of work (McGuire et al 1995 ;Rankin & O'Carroll, 1995 ;Stirling et al 1998Stirling et al , 2001Keefe et al 1999Keefe et al , 2002Bocker et al 2000 ;Frith et al 2000 ;Franck et al 2001 ;Ditman & Kuperberg, 2005 ;Woodward et al 2007). The finding that unaffected siblings also show worse self-monitoring than healthy controls, but better than their affected brother or sister, is in agreement with two studies that have assessed self-monitoring in groups at increased risk for psychotic disorder (Versmissen et al 2007b ;Johns et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Self-monitoring as a familial vulnerability marker for psychosis: an analysis of patients, unaffected siblings and healthy controls

et al. 2011

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BackgroundAlterations in self-monitoring have been reported in patients with psychotic disorders, but it remains unclear to what degree they represent true indicators of familial vulnerability for psychosis.MethodAn error-correction action-monitoring task was used to examine self-monitoring in 42 patients with schizophrenia, 32 of their unaffected siblings and 41 healthy controls.ResultsSignificant between-group differences in self-monitoring accuracy were found (χ2=29.3, p<0.0001), patients performing worst and unaffected siblings performing at an intermediate level compared to controls (all between-group differences p<0.05). In the combined group of healthy controls and unaffected siblings, detection accuracy was associated with positive schizotypy as measured by the Structured Interview for Schizotypy – Revised (SIS-R) (β=−0.16, s.e.=0.07, p=0.026), but not with negative schizotypy (β=−0.05, s.e.=0.12, p=0.694). In patients, psychotic symptoms were not robustly associated with detection accuracy (β=−0.01, s.e.=0.01, p=0.094), although stratified analysis revealed suggestive evidence for association in patients not currently using antipsychotic medication (β=−0.03, s.e.=0.01, p=0.052), whereas no association was found in patients on antipsychotic medication (β=−0.01, s.e.=0.01, p=0.426). A similar pattern of associations was found for negative symptoms.ConclusionsAlterations in self-monitoring may be associated with familial risk and expression of psychosis. The association between psychotic symptoms and self-monitoring in patients may be affected by antipsychotic medication, which may explain previous inconsistencies in the literature.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Self-monitoring as a familial vulnerability marker for psychosis: an analysis of patients, unaffected siblings and healthy controls

et al. 2011

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“…Misattributing internal thoughts to external sources is considered to be a possible account for the hallucinations and delusions often observed in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia (Frith & Done, 1989;Frith, 1992;Johnson & Raye, 2000). A number of observations are compatible with this link between reality monitoring and psychosis: first, individuals with hallucinations and/or delusions show some impairment on reality monitoring tasks (Bentall, Baker, & Havers, 1991;Vinogradov et al, 1997;Danion et al, 1999;Keefe et al, 2002), including those individuals in whom the symptoms have been pharmacologically induced (Honey et al, 2006). Second, there is evidence of overlap between the brain regions activated during reality monitoring in healthy individuals and those areas that are dysfunctional in psychosis; moreover, a significant correlation was observed between likelihood of misattributing imagined information as having been perceived in the outside world and reduced signal in the key brain region sensitive to reality monitoring, medial anterior PFC .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Simons et al (2006) reported that reduced engagement of medial anterior PFC was associated with the same kind of misattribution errors often observed in schizophrenia (Frith & Done, 1989;Frith, 1992;Danion, Rizzo, & Bruant, 1999;Keefe, Arnold, Bayen, McEvoy, & Wilson, 2002). Further evidence of such a link was sought by administering to healthy participants in the present study questionnaires assessing proneness to psychosis and schizotypy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Separable Forms of Reality Monitoring Supported by Anterior Prefrontal Cortex

Simons

Henson

Gilbert

et al. 2008

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Reality monitoring refers to the process of discriminating between internally-and externallygenerated information. Two different tasks have often been used to assess this ability: memory for perceived vs. imagined stimuli; and memory for participant-vs. experimenter-performed operations, but it is not known whether these two reality monitoring tasks share neural substrates. The present study involved use of a within-subjects fMRI design to examine common and distinct brain mechanisms associated with the two reality monitoring conditions. The sole difference between the two lay in greater activation in medial anterior prefrontal cortex when recollecting whether the participant or the experimenter had carried out an operation during prior encoding as compared to recollecting whether an item had been perceived or imagined. This region has previously been linked with attending to mental states. Task differences were also reflected in the nature of functional connectivity relationships between medial anterior and right lateral prefrontal cortex: there was a stronger correlation in activity between the two regions during recollection of self/experimenter context. This indicates a role for medial anterior prefrontal cortex in the monitoring of retrieved information relating to internal or external aspects of context. Finally, given the importance of reality monitoring to understanding psychotic symptoms, brain activity was related to measures of proneness to psychosis and schizotypal traits. The observation of significant correlations between reduced medial anterior prefrontal signal and scores on such measures corroborates these theoretical links.

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“…Given previous findings of impaired source monitoring versus recognition performance in schizophrenia (Brébion et al, 1997;Keefe et al, 1999Keefe et al, , 2002Vinogradov et al, 1997) it is remarkable that patients were unimpaired in recognition and source retrieval. Unlike previous source monitoring experiments, the current study manipulated encoding strategy through the LOP paradigm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Because relational binding of contextual information is a central problem in schizophrenia (Waters et al, 2004), it is not surprising that patients have impaired source monitoring even when recognition is intact (Vinogradov et al, 1997;Danion et al, 1999). Patients with prominent hallucinations and thought disorder also tend to misattribute internal items to external sources (Keefe et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of internal source monitoring in schizophrenia: Recognition with and without recollection

Ragland

Valdez

Loughead

et al. 2006

Schizophrenia Research

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Patients with schizophrenia tend to have impaired source monitoring and intact item recognition, suggesting an over-reliance of familiarity effects. We previously demonstrated that providing patients with a levels-of-processing (LOP) semantic encoding strategy normalized source monitoring. The current blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study tests the hypothesis that patients will have abnormally increased frontotemporal activation despite intact performance. fMRI was measured in 13 patients and 13 demographically matched healthy controls during a LOP source monitoring paradigm. SPM2 was used for standard pre-processing and statistical analyses, with a corrected significance threshold of p<.05. Examination of accuracy and speed measures did not reveal any group differences in task performance. Regardless of source retrieval success both groups activated expected prefrontal and parietal regions, with no areas of relatively greater control versus patient activation. In support of the hypothesis, patients showed abnormally increased activation in temporolimbic areas including middle and superior temporal gyrus, thalamus, and parahippocampal gyrus. Activation in these areas was associated with worse positive and negative symptoms, but did not correlate with performance, suggesting inefficient rather than compensatory activation.

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Source-monitoring deficits for self-generated stimuli in schizophrenia: multinomial modeling of data from three sources

Cited by 158 publications

References 43 publications

Self-monitoring as a familial vulnerability marker for psychosis: an analysis of patients, unaffected siblings and healthy controls

Self-monitoring as a familial vulnerability marker for psychosis: an analysis of patients, unaffected siblings and healthy controls

Separable Forms of Reality Monitoring Supported by Anterior Prefrontal Cortex

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of internal source monitoring in schizophrenia: Recognition with and without recollection

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