Source of coherent kiloelectronvolt X-rays

Seres, J.; Seres, E.; Verhoef, A. J.; Tempea, G.; Streli, Christina; Wobrauschek, P.; Yakovlev, Vladislav S.; Scrinzi, Armin; Spielmann, Christian; Krausz, Ferenc

doi:10.1038/433596a

Cited by 303 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…While a different and better-suited response function can be used for the described example system of D + 2 , the applicability of the presented mechanism is more general: Important consequences arise in the current race for shorter and shorter pulses and better dynamical resolutions in attosecond (and beyond) science. The mechanism could help for the case of extremely broadband highharmonic spectra that are currently generated in experiments [22][23][24][25] ) c (t c , τ ) at τ = 100 fs for different numbers of averaged pulses, three different averages each: single FEL pulses (green), average over three (blue), ten (red) and 100 pulses (black). For single random pulses several spikes occur at random t c , depending on the individual pulse shape.…”

Section: (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Noisy Optical Pulses Enhance the Temporal Resolution of Pump-Probe Spectroscopy

et al. 2012

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Time-resolved measurements of quantum dynamics are based on the availability of controlled events (e.g. pump and probe pulses) that are shorter in duration than the typical evolution time scale of the dynamical processes to be observed. Here we introduce the concept of noise-enhanced pump-probe spectroscopy, allowing the measurement of dynamics significantly shorter than the average pulse duration by exploiting randomly varying, partially coherent light fields consisting of bunched colored noise. It is shown that statistically fluctuating fields can be superior by more than a factor of 10 to frequency-stabilized fields, with important implications for time-resolved pump-probe experiments at x-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) and, in general, for measurements at the frontiers of temporal resolution (e.g. attosecond spectroscopy). As an example application, the concept is used to explain the recent experimental observation of vibrational wave-packet motion in a deuterium molecular ion on time scales shorter than the average pulse duration.

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Section: (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Noisy Optical Pulses Enhance the Temporal Resolution of Pump-Probe Spectroscopy

et al. 2012

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“…Nowadays, high-order harmonic generation (HHG) through the interaction of intense laser pulses with atomic or molecular gases has been extensively investigated to produce coherent extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiations [1][2][3] and attosecond pulses [4][5][6][7][8]. These ultrashort pulses can serve as an important tool for detecting the ultrafast electron dynamics inside atoms or molecules [9][10][11] as well as inaugurating a new domain for timeresolved metrology and spectroscopy on attosecond time scale [4,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrally resolved spatiotemporal features of quantum paths in high-order-harmonic generation

Lan

Zhang

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. A

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We experimentally disentangle the contributions of different quantum paths in high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from the spectrally and spatially resolved harmonic spectra. By adjusting the laser intensity and focusing position, we simultaneously observe the spectrum splitting, frequency shift and intensity-dependent modulation of harmonic yields both for the short and long paths. Based on the simulations, we discriminate the physical mechanisms of the intensity-dependent modulation of HHG due to the quantum path interference and macroscopic interference effects. Moreover, it is shown that the atomic dipole phases of different quantum paths are encoded in the frequency shift. In turn, it enables us to retrieve the atomic dipole phases and the temporal chirps of different quantum paths from the measured harmonic spectra. This result gives an informative mapping of spatiotemporal and spectral features of quantum paths in HHG.

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“…In most cases, HHG is performed with a driving-laser wavelength of around 800 nm and HHG pulses with photon energies between 15 and 100 eV are used. It has been shown in recent studies that the photon energy range can be considerably extended into the water window of several 100 eV and beyond (34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40) but applications with these sources up to now are scarce. For ultrafast applications, time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) (41) with pump-probe schemes where the sample is pumped with a laser pulse and probed with HHG pulses at a defined pump-probe delay has emerged as a powerful tool for the investigation of ultrafast dynamics in gas phase samples (42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47) and on surfaces (48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with a vacuum-ultraviolet photon source based on laser high-order harmonic generation

Wernet

Gaudin

Godehusen

et al. 2011

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A laser-based tabletop approach to femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with photons in the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) energy range is described. The femtosecond VUV pulses are produced by high-order harmonic generation (HHG) of an amplified femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser system. Two generations of the same set up and results from photoelectron spectroscopy in the gas phase are discussed. In both generations a toroidal grating monochromator was used to select one harmonic in the photon energy range of 20-30 eV. The first generation of the set up was used to perform photoelectron spectroscopy in the gas phase to determine the bandwidth of the source. We find that our HHG source has a bandwidth of 140±40 meV. The second and current generation is optimized for femtosecond pump-probe photoelectron spectroscopy with high flux and a small spot size at the sample of the femtosecond probe pulses. The VUV radiation is focused into the interaction region with a toroidal mirror to a spot smaller than 100 x 100 μm 2 and the flux amounts to 10 10 photons/s at the sample at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The duration of the monochromatized VUV pulses is determined to be 120 femtoseconds resulting in an overall pump-probe time resolution of 135±5 fs. We show how this set up can be used to map the transient valence electronic structure in molecular dissociation.3

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Source of coherent kiloelectronvolt X-rays

Cited by 303 publications

References 9 publications

Noisy Optical Pulses Enhance the Temporal Resolution of Pump-Probe Spectroscopy

Noisy Optical Pulses Enhance the Temporal Resolution of Pump-Probe Spectroscopy

Spectrally resolved spatiotemporal features of quantum paths in high-order-harmonic generation

Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with a vacuum-ultraviolet photon source based on laser high-order harmonic generation

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