Source of metabolizable energy affects gene transcription in metabolic pathways in adipose and liver tissue of nonlactating, pregnant dairy cows1

Crookenden, M.A.; K, Mandok; Grala, T; Phyn, C.V.C.; Kay, J.K.; Greenwood, S.L.; Roche, J.R.

doi:10.2527/jas.2014-7978

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Studies have reported that mitochondrial GPAM greatly limits glycerolipid synthesis in bovine embryonic fibroblast cells [51]. Meanwhile, elevated GPAM expression level is related to higher bovine milk fat synthesis and increased adipose tissue lipogenesis [52,53]. DGAT2 is responsible for the final step of TAG synthesis: the conversion of diacylglycerols (DAGs) to TAG [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative and Independent Functions of the miR-23a~27a~24-2 Cluster in Bovine Adipocyte Adipogenesis

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2018

IJMS

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The miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster is an important regulator in cell metabolism. However, the cooperative and independent functions of this cluster in bovine adipocyte adipogenesis have not been elucidated. In this study, we found that expression of the miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster was induced during adipogenesis and this cluster acted as a negative regulator of adipogenesis. miR-27a and miR-24-2 were shown to inhibit adipogenesis by directly targeting glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial (GPAM) and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), both of which promoted adipogenesis. Meanwhile, miR-23a and miR-24-2 were shown to target decorin (DCN), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), all of which repressed adipogenesis in this study. Thus, the miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster exhibits a non-canonical regulatory role in bovine adipocyte adipogenesis. To determine how the miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster inhibits adipogenesis while targeting anti-adipogenic genes, we identified another target gene, fibroblast growth factor 11 (FGF11), a positive regulator of adipogenesis, that was commonly targeted by the entire miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster. Our findings suggest that the miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster fine-tunes the regulation of adipogenesis by targeting two types of genes with pro- or anti-adipogenic effects. This balanced regulatory role of miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster finally repressed adipogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative and Independent Functions of the miR-23a~27a~24-2 Cluster in Bovine Adipocyte Adipogenesis

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2018

IJMS

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“…In support of this was the increase in expression of several genes associated with lipogenesis (i.e., ACACA, THRSP, GPAM, and LPL) and fatty acid metabolic process (FASN, ACOX2, LIPE, DECR1, ACSL4, ACSL5) after realimentation in both greater and lower gain groups of animals. A study by Crookenden et al [ 15 ] showed that the genes ACACA, THRSP, GPAM, and LPL were up-regulated in the adipose tissue of dairy cows with higher metabolizable energy intake. The expression of the genes ACACA, THRSP, and GPAM has been associated with adipose deposition [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential transcript abundance in adipose tissue of mature beef cows during feed restriction and realimentation

et al. 2018

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Feed costs account for over 70% of the annual expenditures in cow/calf production. During the production year the cow uses nutrients to support conceptus growth, milk production, work (grazing and locomotion), and maintenance requirements. The majority of the nutrients are used to support maintenance. Substrate cycling has been identified as one of the major contributors toward energy expenditure associated with maintenance in mature cows. The objective of this study was to determine whether beef cows that differ in the efficiency of weight gain differ in the relative abundance of transcripts for metabolic regulation in adipose tissue. Mature beef cows were subjected to feed restriction followed by ad libitum feed. Adipose tissue from twelve cows with high (n = 6) and low (n = 6) gain based on growth performance during the ad libitum feeding period was evaluated for transcriptome expression differences. A total of 496 genes were differentially expressed and passed Bonferroni correction for the animals with greater gain between restriction and realimentation and 491 genes were differentially expressed among animals with lesser gains between feed restriction and realimentation. Of these two differentially expressed gene lists, 144 genes were common between animals with greater and those with lesser gain. Enriched biological processes included the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, respiratory electron transport chain and fatty acid metabolic processes. Specific to adipose tissue of low gaining animals was glycolysis and to high gain animals was coenzyme, steroid, cellular amino acid, nitrogen compound metabolic processes, and sensory perception. The oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways were commonly associated with the high gain animals between feed restriction and realimentation, as well as with the low gaining animals between the two time points. Unique to the high gaining animals were valine degradation and LPS/IL-1 mediated inhibition of RXR function pathways. In this discovery study, genes involved in lipid metabolism, mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation pathways appear to be critical to mature cows during times of abundant feed after feed restriction.

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“…The DNA was purified using the Qiagen All-prep column and the flow through was used to isolate total RNA using a Qiagen RNeasy column (Qiagen). All RNA samples were DNase treated using the Ambion DNA-free kit (Ambion, Austin, TX) to remove any contaminating DNA as previously described (Grala et al, 2010(Grala et al, , 2013Crookenden et al, 2015). The quantity of DNA and RNA was determined using Qubit fluorometric quantification.…”

Section: Nucleic Acid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic regulation of pyruvate carboxylase gene expression in the postpartum liver

Walker

Crookenden

Henty

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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Hepatic gluconeogenesis is essential for maintenance of whole body glucose homeostasis and glucose supply for mammary lactose synthesis in the dairy cow. Upregulation of the gluconeogenic enzyme pyruvate carboxylase (PC) during the transition period is vital in the adaptation to the greater glucose demands associated with peripartum lactogenesis. The objective of this study was to determine if PC transcription in hepatocytes is regulated by DNA methylation and if treatment with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) alters methylation of an upstream DNA sequence defined as promoter 1. Dairy cows were left untreated (n=20), or treated with a NSAID during the first 5 d postcalving (n=20). Liver was biopsied at d 7 precalving and d 7, 14, and 28 postcalving. Total PC and transcript specific gene expression was quantified using quantitative PCR and DNA methylation of promoter 1 was quantified using bisulfite Sanger sequencing. Expression of PC changed over the transition period, with increased expression postcalving occurring concurrently with increased circulating concentration of nonesterified fatty acids. The DNA methylation percentage was variable at all sites quantified and ranged from 21 to 54% across the 15 CpG dinucleotides within promoter 1. The DNA methylation at wk 1 postcalving, however, was not correlated with gene expression of promoter 1-regulated transcripts and we did not detect an effect of NSAID treatment on DNA methylation or PC gene expression. Our results do not support a role for DNA methylation in regulating promoter 1-driven gene expression of PC at wk 1 postcalving. Further research is required to determine the mechanisms regulating increased PC expression over the transition period.

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Source of metabolizable energy affects gene transcription in metabolic pathways in adipose and liver tissue of nonlactating, pregnant dairy cows1

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

Cooperative and Independent Functions of the miR-23a~27a~24-2 Cluster in Bovine Adipocyte Adipogenesis

Cooperative and Independent Functions of the miR-23a~27a~24-2 Cluster in Bovine Adipocyte Adipogenesis

Differential transcript abundance in adipose tissue of mature beef cows during feed restriction and realimentation

Epigenetic regulation of pyruvate carboxylase gene expression in the postpartum liver

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