Source-sink population dynamics driven by a brood parasite: A case study of an endangered songbird, the black-capped vireo

Walker, Lauren E.; Marzluff, John M.; Cimprich, David A.

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.09.016

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Source‐sink dynamics are characterized by a net flow of individuals from a source population to sink population(s), source populations with population growth, and sink populations with population decline (Peery et al, ). Our findings corroborate the collaborative demographic study exhibiting source‐sink dynamics in this system over a 5‐year period (Walker et al, ). Walker et al () found populations on the SS, ER c , and MD study sites had an overall increasing growth rate while the remaining populations had an overall decreasing growth rate.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Our findings corroborate the collaborative demographic study exhibiting source‐sink dynamics in this system over a 5‐year period (Walker et al, ). Walker et al () found populations on the SS, ER c , and MD study sites had an overall increasing growth rate while the remaining populations had an overall decreasing growth rate. While the demographic study answered questions about population trends in our study system, our genetic approach provided evidence for asymmetrical gene flow that would have been otherwise logistically impossible to determine for a small‐bodied migratory passerine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Fragmentation across the U.S. breeding range has altered connectivity and population dynamics among black‐capped vireo populations resulting in restricted gene flow (Athrey, Barr, Lance, & Leberg, ; Barr et al, ; Fazio, Miles, & White, ). Populations in central Texas, specifically the region around Fort Hood, have been suggested to function as a source‐sink metapopulation because of fragmentation (Walker, Marzluff, & Cimprich, ). Populations on Fort Hood had an overall increasing growth rate, attributed to habitat management and brown‐headed cowbird control, while peripheral central Texas populations had an overall decreasing growth rate, which exhibit high brown‐headed cowbird parasitism rates (Cimprich & Kostecke, ; Fazio et al, ; Walker et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only through a combination of ecological and population genetic analyses are we able to elucidate both characteristics of source‐sink dynamics: population growth rates and asymmetrical gene flow. The present study was performed in tandem with a demographic study (Walker et al, ) which provided population growth rates, survival, and fecundity for each of our study sites in central Texas and related them to potential demographic drivers such as brown‐headed cowbird control. Our objective was to use genetic markers to investigate connectivity among habitat patches in central Texas near and including Fort Hood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Asymmetrical gene flow of the recently delisted passerine black‐capped vireo (Vireo atricapilla) indicates source‐sink dynamics in central Texas

Hauser

Walker

Leberg

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Habitat fragmentation can produce metapopulations or source‐sink systems in which dispersal in crucial for population maintenance. Our objective was to investigate connectivity among black‐capped vireo (Vireo atricapilla) populations in tandem with a demographic study (Biological Conservation, 2016, 203, 108–118) to elucidate if central Texas populations act as a source‐sink system. We genotyped 343 individuals at 12 microsatellite loci to elucidate the movement ecology of the black‐capped vireo in central Texas surrounding Fort Hood; the largest and most stable breeding population of black‐capped vireos inhabit Fort Hood. To gain insight into gene flow among populations, we analyzed genetic differentiation, migration rates, number of migrants, and parentage. We found statistically significant, but low levels of genetic differentiation among several populations, suggesting some limited restriction to gene flow. Across approaches to estimate migration, we found consistent evidence for asymmetrical movement from Fort Hood to the other central Texas sites consistent with source‐sink dynamics. Our results are complementary to black‐capped vireo demographic studies done in tandem showing that portions of Fort Hood are acting as a source population to smaller central Texas populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Asymmetrical gene flow of the recently delisted passerine black‐capped vireo (Vireo atricapilla) indicates source‐sink dynamics in central Texas

Hauser

Walker

Leberg

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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“…More complex source-sink metrics use mark-recapture data to estimate survival and fecundity and evaluate sources and sinks by virtue of the balance of births and deaths (e.g., Breininger & Oddy 2004;Walker et al 2016). Others additionally evaluate patch contributions based on demographic and emigration information (Runge et al 2006) or link multiple lines of inference (e.g., abundance, demography, movement exchanges, genetic conditions) to assess source-sink status (e.g., Caudill 2003;Andreasen et al 2012;Contasti et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multispecies test of source–sink indicators to prioritize habitat for declining populations

Heinrichs

Lawler

Schumaker

et al. 2018

Conservation Biology

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For species at risk of decline or extinction in source-sink systems, sources are an obvious target for habitat protection actions. However, the way in which source habitats are identified and prioritized can reduce the effectiveness of conservation actions. Although sources and sinks are conceptually defined using both demographic and movement criteria, simplifications are often required in systems with limited data. To assess the conservation outcomes of alternative source metrics and resulting prioritizations, we simulated population dynamics and extinction risk for 3 endangered species. Using empirically based habitat population models, we linked habitat maps with measured site- or habitat-specific demographic conditions, movement abilities, and behaviors. We calculated source-sink metrics over a range of periods of data collection and prioritized consistently high-output sources for conservation. We then tested whether prioritized patches identified the habitats that most affected persistence by removing them and measuring the population response. Conservation decisions based on different source-sink metrics and durations of data collection affected species persistence. Shorter time series obscured the ability of metrics to identify influential habitats, particularly in temporally variable and slowly declining populations. Data-rich source-sink metrics that included both demography and movement information did not always identify the habitats with the greatest influence on extinction risk. In some declining populations, patch abundance better predicted influential habitats for short-term regional persistence. Because source-sink metrics (i.e., births minus deaths; births and immigrations minus deaths and emigration) describe net population conditions and cancel out gross population counts, they may not adequately identify influential habitats in declining populations. For many nonequilibrium populations, new metrics that maintain the counts of individual births, deaths, and movement may provide additional insight into habitats that most influence persistence.

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Waste not, want not: Microsatellites remain an economical and informative technology for conservation genetics

Hauser

Athrey

Leberg

2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Comparisons of microsatellites and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have found that SNPs outperform microsatellites in population genetic analyses, questioning the continued utility of microsatellites in population and landscape genetics.Yet, highly polymorphic markers may be of value in species that have reduced genetic variation. This study repeated previous analyses that used microsatellites with SNPs developed from ddRAD sequencing in the black-capped vireo source-sink system.SNPs provided greater resolution of genetic diversity, population differentiation, and migrant detection but could not reconstruct parentage relationships due to insufficient heterozygosities. The biological inferences made by both sets of markers were similar: asymmetrical gene flow from source sites to the remaining sink sites. With the landscape genetic analyses, we found different results between the two molecular markers, but associations of the top environmental features (riparian, open habitat, agriculture, and human development) with dispersal estimates were shared between marker types. Despite the higher precision of SNPs, we find that microsatellites effectively uncover population processes and patterns and are superior for parentage analyses in this species with reduced genetic diversity. This study illustrates the continued applicability and relevance of microsatellites in population genetic research.

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Source-sink population dynamics driven by a brood parasite: A case study of an endangered songbird, the black-capped vireo

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

Asymmetrical gene flow of the recently delisted passerine black‐capped vireo (Vireo atricapilla) indicates source‐sink dynamics in central Texas

Asymmetrical gene flow of the recently delisted passerine black‐capped vireo (Vireo atricapilla) indicates source‐sink dynamics in central Texas

A multispecies test of source–sink indicators to prioritize habitat for declining populations

Waste not, want not: Microsatellites remain an economical and informative technology for conservation genetics

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