Source-Sink Relationships in Crop Plants and Their Influence on Yield Development and Nutritional Quality

Smith, Millicent R.; Rao, Idupulapati M.; Merchant, Andrew

doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01889

Cited by 202 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Source‐sink relationship is a dynamic and complex property of the crop plant, being sensitive both to environmental conditions and supply of nutrients during yield development (Smith, Rao, & Merchant, 2018). The source is a plant part responsible for assimilates production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The in‐season nitrogen concentration in the potato tuber as the yield driver

Grzebisz

Potarzycki

2020

Agronomy Journal

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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber sink strength is determined by the maximum nitrogen concentration (N cmax ) in the tuber within the growing season. This hypothesis was verified based on data from two seasons with contrasting weather conditions, that is, the wet 2007 and the dry 2008. A field experiment, including four levels of nutrients: absolute control (AC), NP, NPK, and NPKMgS, was the basis of the hypothesis evaluation. Vines and tubers were collected periodically at 10-11 d intervals in 10, and nine consecutive samplings, respectively. Tuber yield growth was described by the linear and polynomial functions under favorable and unfavorable growth conditions, respectively. The polynomial functions indicated lower tuber yields (+20 t ha-1 for NPK vs. NP in 2007). The N cmax of the growing tuber is the key yield driver, defining the tuber sink capacity. As compared to the in-season variability in N a (N accumulated in vines-source capacity), the N cmax was a conservative trait, up-regulating the source activity. The narrowed N/P from 5.9 to 2.1, but from 4.6 to 1.9 and for N/Mg from 26 to 12, but from 22 to 14, respectively in 2007 and 2008, increased the steepness of the N c during its descending course. The tuber sink capacity can be fulfilled, provided there is a good supply of K during potato bulking. It can be concluded that the higher the N cmax , the higher the potato requirement for K. Any factor lowering the N cmax simultaneously decreases the potato requirement for K, subsequently leading to yield losses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the classical view of the source‐sink relationship, sink strength is a function of the source activity (Smith et al., 2018). This hypothesis was fully corroborated by the N cv trend, whose decrease was recorded from the onset of the potato tuberization phase (54–57 DAP), whereas the N cmax occurred 30 d later (86–89 DAP).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in‐season nitrogen concentration in the potato tuber as the yield driver

Grzebisz

Potarzycki

2020

Agronomy Journal

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“…The roots and above ground plant parts were oven dried at 70 °C to constant weight to ascertain the dry matter accumulation (dry biomass yield). The economic yield and wet biomass yield were used in the calculation of harvest index on fresh weight basis using the following equation (Smith et al 2018):…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dry matter partitioning is influenced by the sink strength of an organ; its ability to compete for assimilates and the developmental stage of the plant (Chukwudi and Agbo 2016). Availability of assimilates, rate of assimilate remobilisation from source tissues, genotype and developmental stage of the plant also determine the dry matter partitioning in plants (Chukwudi and Agbo 2016;Smith et al 2018). Continuous cell division and expansion of carrot root during growth gives it an edge to accumulate available assimilates.…”

Section: Effects Of Environment Media and Variety On The Yield Compomentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximizing rice husk waste for Daucus carota production

Baiyeri

Chukwudi

Chizaram

et al. 2019

Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult

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Purpose Rice husk is one of the most widely available agricultural wastes in many rice producing countries of the world. Here, we evaluated carrot production under different rice husk-amended media aimed at providing alternative use for rice husk. Methods The experimental design was 2 × 5 × 4 factorial in completely randomized design with six replications. Factor A consist of two production environments—high tunnel and open field while factor B was five growth media—5:0:0, 4:0:1, 3:1:1, 2:2:1 and 1:3:1 (topsoil:rice husk:poultry manure). Factor C was four carrot varieties; ‘Touchon’, ‘Amazonia’, ‘Carrot New Kuroda’ and ‘Touchon Mega’. Data were collected on seedling emergence and yield parameters. The analysed means were separated using FLSD(0.05). Results The biomass yield from plants grown in high tunnel was significantly higher than plants in the open field. Highest root weight, wet and dry biomass yield were obtained from medium 4:0:1 followed by 3:1:1. Harvest index ranged from 32.3% in medium 1:3:1 to 62% in 3:1:1. Days to seedling emergence among varieties ranged from 8.5 to 11.3. ‘Amazonia’ variety produced the highest root weight, wet and dry biomass yield and was followed by ‘Touchon Mega’. Conclusion Carrot seedling emergence and yield differed in rice husk-amended media under high tunnel and open field environments. ‘Amazonia’ variety grown in media 4:0:1 or 3:1:1 gave the best yield. Inclusion of rice husk in media formulation beyond an optimum rate resulted in yield reduction in carrot. Carrot is sensitive to the physio-chemical properties of its growth medium.

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“…Source-sink relationships are the major support for nitrogen remobilization/recycling processes in crop plants, influencing yield elaboration and nutritional quality of harvested products, especially seeds [11,51]. These nitrogen remobilization processes are spatially separated between source leaves (for protein degradation and production or recycling of amino acids/peptides), phloem tissues (for transport of amino acids/peptides) and sink leaves (for metabolic use of amino acids/peptides).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sink/Source Balance of Leaves Influences Amino Acid Pools and Their Associated Metabolic Fluxes in Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

et al. 2020

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Nitrogen remobilization processes from source to sink tissues in plants are determinant for seed yield and their implementation results in a complete reorganization of the primary metabolism during sink/source transition. Here, we decided to characterize the impact of the sink/source balance on amino acid metabolism in the leaves of winter oilseed rape grown at the vegetative stage. We combined a quantitative metabolomics approach with an instationary 15N-labeling experiment by using [15N]L-glycine as a metabolic probe on leaf ranks with a gradual increase in their source status. We showed that the acquisition of the source status by leaves was specifically accompanied by a decrease in asparagine, glutamine, proline and S-methyl-l-cysteine sulphoxide contents and an increase in valine and threonine contents. Dynamic analysis of 15N enrichment and concentration of amino acids revealed gradual changes in the dynamics of amino acid metabolism with respect to the sink/source status of leaf ranks. Notably, nitrogen assimilation into valine, threonine and proline were all decreased in source leaves compared to sink leaves. Overall, our results suggested a reduction in de novo amino acid biosynthesis during sink/source transition at the vegetative stage.

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Source-Sink Relationships in Crop Plants and Their Influence on Yield Development and Nutritional Quality

Cited by 202 publications

References 79 publications

The in‐season nitrogen concentration in the potato tuber as the yield driver

The in‐season nitrogen concentration in the potato tuber as the yield driver

Maximizing rice husk waste for Daucus carota production

Sink/Source Balance of Leaves Influences Amino Acid Pools and Their Associated Metabolic Fluxes in Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

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