Source‐To‐Sink Sedimentary Budget of the African Equatorial Atlantic Rifted Margin

Abstract

Despite their very low relief and erosion rates, non‐orogenic (i.e., cratonic) continental domains account for over 60% of the Earth's exposed lands. Therefore, they contribute significantly to the clastic sediments and solutes exported to the ocean and should be accounted for in global studies. Nonetheless, they have been much less studied than orogenic domains. In this study, we establish the source‐to‐sink sedimentary budget of the sub‐saharan West African cratonic domain and its Equatorial Atlantic rifted margin using published low‐temperature thermochronological data to estimate onshore denudation and regional geological cross‐sections to estimate offshore accumulation. We show that during and immediately following rifting (130‐94 Ma), the build‐up and subsequent erosion of rift‐related relief resulted in a transient, 100–200 km wide strip along the margin recording high denudation rates (>50 m/Myr), while the inland domain underwent steady and very low denudation (<10 m/Myr). Afterward, the whole onshore domain underwent very low and steady denudation. Thus, the changes in post‐rift accumulation rates documented along the rifted margin were caused by changes in the climate and/or drainage network. During the Late Cretaceous, we document a regional rise in accumulation rates caused by the enlargement of drainage areas feeding the basins by a hinterlandward migration of the continental divide. During the Paleogene, we document a general drop in accumulation rates in all the basins of the African Atlantic margins caused by the global greenhouse climate, which enhanced the development of lateritic weathering mantles, storing clastic sediments on the continent and favoring solute exports to the ocean.